Cardiovascular System Flashcards
When does the heart begin to beat in the human embryo and when does blood start to flow?
22-23 days start to beat, and during 4th week start to flow
The superior vena cava contains blood flowing from which areas of the body?
head, thorax and arms
The inferior vena cava contains blood flowing from which areas of the body?
legs, abdomen, pelvis
Veins carry blood towards the heart, but with one exception:
from gut to liver via portal vein
What are varicose veins and where are they mostly seen?
They occur because venous return to the heart is poor and valves fail. They most occur in the superficial veins
Explain deep vein thrombosis.
blood clot can occur in veins where valves fail and flow of blood is slow. The clot, called embolus, can break off and flow to the lungs to block pulmonary arteries
Role of the lymphatic system:
The lymphatic system forms a fine network of vessels and nodes concerned with returning tissue fluid to the blood, immune response, and removing ‘foreign’ material.
blockage of lymphatic system in the leg by a parasitic worm. This disease is:
elephantiasis
paired carotids and paired subclavians go to the:
head and arms
paired iliacs go to the:
legs and pelvis
For veins, the jugulars go to:
head
paired jugulars and paired subclavians both drain into the unpaired vein:
superior vena cava
Paired iliac, abdomen veins and renal veins drain in the unpaired vein:
inferior vena cava
What is the purpose of papillary muscles and chordae tendinae?
Contraction of the papillary muscles tenses the chordae tendinae to prevent inversion of the bicuspid and tricuspid valves and backflow of blood into the atrium.
function of coronary artery:
supply blood to the heart
Blockage in the coronary artery will lead to a:
mayocardial infart
By 12 weeks of development, the atrium and ventricle are partly subdivided but a gap remains in interatrial wall called
foramen ovale
The joint vessel between pulmonary artery and aorta is called:
ductus arteriosus
describe the inflow of oxygenated blood from the placenta:
blood from placenta –> right atrium–> left atrium–> left ventricle –> aorta –> carotids to the head and to other parts of the body
describe the inflow of deoxygenated blood from the head, arms and thorax:
blood from head, arms and thorax–> right atrium–> right ventricle –> pulmonary artery–> ductus arteriosus–> aorta
in adult heart the right atrium has a remnant of the foramen ovale, called:
fossa ovalis
oxygenated blood from the placenta flows through which vein towards the heart?
umbilical vein
oxygenated blood shunt pass the liver, by the umbilical vein and enter another vein called:
ductus venosus
ductus venosus and ductuc arteriosus are closed when:
at birth
