Cardiovascular System

Question 1

When does the heart begin to beat in the human embryo and when does blood start to flow?

Answer 1

22-23 days start to beat, and during 4th week start to flow

Question 2

The superior vena cava contains blood flowing from which areas of the body?

Answer 2

head, thorax and arms

Question 3

The inferior vena cava contains blood flowing from which areas of the body?

Answer 3

legs, abdomen, pelvis

Question 4

Veins carry blood towards the heart, but with one exception:

Answer 4

from gut to liver via portal vein

Question 5

What are varicose veins and where are they mostly seen?

Answer 5

They occur because venous return to the heart is poor and valves fail. They most occur in the superficial veins

Question 6

Explain deep vein thrombosis.

Answer 6

blood clot can occur in veins where valves fail and flow of blood is slow. The clot, called embolus, can break off and flow to the lungs to block pulmonary arteries

Question 7

Role of the lymphatic system:

Answer 7

The lymphatic system forms a fine network of vessels and nodes concerned with returning tissue fluid to the blood, immune response, and removing ‘foreign’ material.

Question 8

blockage of lymphatic system in the leg by a parasitic worm. This disease is:

Answer 8

elephantiasis

Question 9

paired carotids and paired subclavians go to the:

Answer 9

head and arms

Question 10

paired iliacs go to the:

Answer 10

legs and pelvis

Question 11

For veins, the jugulars go to:

Answer 11

head

Question 12

paired jugulars and paired subclavians both drain into the unpaired vein:

Answer 12

superior vena cava

Question 13

Paired iliac, abdomen veins and renal veins drain in the unpaired vein:

Answer 13

inferior vena cava

Question 14

What is the purpose of papillary muscles and chordae tendinae?

Answer 14

Contraction of the papillary muscles tenses the chordae tendinae to prevent inversion of the bicuspid and tricuspid valves and backflow of blood into the atrium.

Question 15

function of coronary artery:

Answer 15

supply blood to the heart

Question 16

Blockage in the coronary artery will lead to a:

Answer 16

mayocardial infart

Question 17

By 12 weeks of development, the atrium and ventricle are partly subdivided but a gap remains in interatrial wall called

Answer 17

foramen ovale

Question 18

The joint vessel between pulmonary artery and aorta is called:

Answer 18

ductus arteriosus

Question 19

describe the inflow of oxygenated blood from the placenta:

Answer 19

blood from placenta –> right atrium–> left atrium–> left ventricle –> aorta –> carotids to the head and to other parts of the body

Question 20

describe the inflow of deoxygenated blood from the head, arms and thorax:

Answer 20

blood from head, arms and thorax–> right atrium–> right ventricle –> pulmonary artery–> ductus arteriosus–> aorta

Question 21

in adult heart the right atrium has a remnant of the foramen ovale, called:

Answer 21

fossa ovalis

Question 22

oxygenated blood from the placenta flows through which vein towards the heart?

Answer 22

umbilical vein

Question 23

oxygenated blood shunt pass the liver, by the umbilical vein and enter another vein called:

Answer 23

ductus venosus

Question 24

ductus venosus and ductuc arteriosus are closed when:

Answer 24

at birth