Respiratory System Flashcards
What is ventilation?
Movement of air into and out of lungs
What is external respiration?
Gas exchange between air in lungs and blood
What is gas transport?
Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood
What is internal respiration?
Gas exchange between blood and tissues
What does the respiratory system consist of?
Upper and Lower tract
What is the upper respiratory tract?
- Nasal
- Sinuses
- Nose
- Pharynx
What is the lower respiratory tract?
- Trachea
- Larynx
- Lungs
- Alveoli
- Bronchi and bronchioles
What does the upper respiratory tract do?
Filters, warms, and humidifies air
What does the lower respiratory tract do?
Exchanges gases
What does the larynx include?
- Epiglottis - Flexible flap cartilage that routes the air and food appropriately
- Vocal cords
- Maintains an open airway
What does the trachea do?
- Transport air to and from the lungs
- Known as the “windpipe”
-Kept open by C - shaped rings of cartilage - Cough reflex: Smooth muscle contracts
What does the bronchi do?
- Right and left bronchi (trachea branches break off)
contain: smooth muscle, cartilage
What are lungs the organs of?
gas exchange
Lungs are located in the thoactic cavity
True or False
True
How many lobes in the right lung?
3
How many lobes in the left lung?
2
What is alveoli?
Tiny air-filled sacs that are clustered at the end of terminal branchioles, site of gas exchange
What does surfactant do?
Secretes itself in the aveoli and reduces surface tension
What do pulmonary capillaries do?
Bring blood and air into close contact
What happens during inspiration (inhale)?
Diaphragm contracts, intercostal muscles contract, elevating chest wall and expanding volume of the chest
What happens during expiration (exhale)?
Muscles relax, Diaphragm resumes dome shape,
What is tidal volume?
Volume of air inhaled and exhaled in a single breathe
What is inspiratory reserve volume?
Volume of air that can be inhaled beyond the tidal volume
Expiratory volume is…
Volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled beyond the tidal volume
What is dead space volume?
Volume of air that remains in the airways and does not participate in gas exchange
What is residual volume?
Volume of air remaining in the lungs, even after a forceful maximal expiration
What does hemoglobin transport?
Most oxygen molecules
What is partial pressure?
The pressure exerted by one particular gas in a mixture of gases
