Immunity and Lymphatic Flashcards
What are the 3 defense mechanisms?
- Barriers
- Nonspecific defense mechanisms
- Specific defense mechanisms
What does the lymphatic system do?
Defends the body
What do lymphatic vessels transport?
Lymph
What does lymph contain?
- White blood cells
- fats
- Proteins
- Occansially bacteria or viruses
What is unidirectional flow sustained by?
- One-way valves
- Skeletal muscle contractions
- Pressure variations in thoracic cavity during breathing
Where are lymph nodes located?
At intervals along lymphatic vessels
What does lymph nodes do?
Remove microorganisms, debris, and abnormal cells from lymph
What are nodes composed of?
- Macrophages
- Lymphocytes
What does the spleen do?
Cleanse the blood
What is the largest lymphatic organ?
Spleen
What are the two region of the spleen?
Red pulp - Removes old and damaged red blood cells, temporary blood storage
White pulp - Contains lymphocytes, searching for pathogens
What do tonsils do?
They filter air and food entering the throat
What do adenoids do?
Filter air, back of nasal passages
First line of defense for keeping pathogens out
- Skin; Effective deterrent
- tears and saliva; Contain lysozyme
- Ear wax; Entraps microorgansims
- Mucus; entraps microorganisms
- Stomach; Highly acidic; inhibits microorganisms
6.Resident bacteria; outcompete pathogens
What is the second line of defense?
Phagocytic cells; White blood cells that surround and engulf invading bacteria
What are natural killer cells?
Type of lymphocyte that attacks tumor cells and virus-infected cells
What are complement proteins?
Plasma proteins that create holes in bacterial cell walls when activated
What is an antigen?
Any substance that triggers an immune response
True or false
T-cells originate from stem cells in the bone marrow
True
What are the two types of T-cells?
- CD4 T cells
- CD8 T cells
What activates T cells?
B cells and macrophages
Examples of barriers
Skin, tears, vomiting, stomach acid
Examples of specific defense mechanisms
T-cells
Antibodies
