Nervous system Flashcards
What are the two principle parts of the nervous system?
Central and Peripheral
Components of the central nervous system,?
- Spinal cord
- Brain
Functions of the nervous system
- Receives information
- Processes information
- Transfers information
Components of peripheral nervous system?
- Nerves outside the central nervous system
What are the communication cells of the nervous system?
Neurons (specialized cells for communication)
What are the 3 types of neurons?
- Sensory neurons : Neurons of the PNS. Receive stimuli and transmit information to the central nervous system
- Interneurons: Neurons of the central nervous system. Transmits information within the central nervous system
- Motor neurons: Neurons of the PNS. Tranmiyts information away from the central nervous system.
3 parts of neurons?
- Cell body
- Dendrites
3.Axon
What is the cell body?
Main part of the cell, has the nucleus and most of the cytoplasm and organelles
What do neurons initiate?
Action potentials
What is an action potential?
Electrical impulse
What is the primary mean of communication in the nervous system?
Action potentials
What is a target?
Another neuron, muscle cell, or gland
What is a synapse?
Special junction between axon and terminus and target cell
Refractory period?
action potential must completely finish before another can be generated
What does the cerebellum coordinate?
Basic body movements
The cerebellum stores and replicates sequences of skilled movements
True or false
true
What connects the higher brain centers to the spinal cord?
Pons
What aids medulla oblongata in regulating respiration?
Pons
What does the midbrain control?
Vision, hearing, sleep/wakefulness
What does the forebrain control?
Emotions and conscious thought
Limbic system
Pathways involved in emotions and memory
Cerebrum
Language, decision making, conscious thought
What serves as a gateway to and from the limbic system?
The hypothalamus
What are behaviors modified by?
The cerebrum
How many lobes make up the cerebral cortex?
4
1. Occipital lobe
2. Temporal lobe
3. parietal lobe
4. Frontal lobe
All 4 serve as memory storage
Where is short term memory stored in?
The limbic system
what is the disruption of electrical activity in the brain?
A concussion
What is caused by the loss of dopamine-releasing neurons?
Parkinson’s disease
What does the occipital lobe process?
Visual information
What does the temporal lobe do?
- Comprehends spoken/written language
- Interprets auditory information
What does the parietal lobe do?
Receives and interprets sensory information from the skin
What does the frontal lobe do?
- Initiates motor activity
- Speech
- Conscious thought
What does the hindbrain consist of?
- Medulla oblongata
- Pons
- Cerebellum
What is the command center of the body?
The brain
What is the superhighway for action potentials?
The spinal cord
What is white matter?
- Outer portion of the spinal cord
- Consists of ascending and descending nerve tracts
What is gray matter?
- center portion of the spinal cord
- Contains cell bodies, dendrites
What are meninges?
Protective membranes
Dura matar, pia matar, arachnoid
The cerebrospinal fluid acts as a shock absorber
true or false
true
What division relaxes the body?
The parasympathetic division
What division produces a fight-or-flight response?
Sympathetic division
What do cranial nerves connect to?
the brain
What does the cardiovascular center do?
Regulates heart rate and blood pressure
What does the respiratory system do?
Adjusts respiration in response to Co2 and O2
