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Anatomy & Physiology > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Respiratory System Functions

A

Gas exchanges between blood and environment occur only in the alveoli of the lungs. Pathways to the lungs PURIFY, HUMIDIFY, and WARM the incoming air

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2
Q

Upper Respiratory Tract

A

Pathway of air from the nares to the trachea

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3
Q

Nose

A

The ONLY externally visible part of the respiratory system.

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4
Q

Nostrils (Nares)

A

Route where air enters the nose

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5
Q

Nasal Cavity

A

Interior of the nose

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6
Q

Nasal Septum

A

Divides the nasal cavity

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7
Q

Respiratory mucosa

A
  • Lines nasal cavity
  • Moistens air
  • Produce mucus
    -Traps foreign particles
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8
Q

Pharynx (THROAT)

A

Has 3 regions.
1. Nasopharynx - Superior region behind nasal cavity
2. Oropharynx - Middle region behind mouth
3. Laryngopharynx - Inferior region attached to larynx

**Air and food both pass through the oropharynx and laryngopharynx

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9
Q

Tonsils

A

Clusters of LYMPHATIC TISSUE–they protect the body from infection.

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10
Q

Pharyngeal tonsil (ADENOID) is superior and located in the superior NASOPHARYNX

A

Palatine tonsils (2) are located in the oropharynx and can be seen from the mouth

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11
Q

Larynx

A

AKA VOICE BOX.
- Routes air and food into proper channels
Located inferior to the PHARYNX
- Made of 8 hyaline cartilages, thyroid cartilage (ADAMS APPLE) is the largest

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12
Q

Epiglottis

A
  • Spoon shaped flap of elastic cartilage
  • Protects upper opening of the larynx
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13
Q

Vocal Folds

A
  • Vibrate wiht expelled air
  • Allows us to speak.
    The GLOTTIS is the OPENING between the vocal chords.
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14
Q

What is included in the LOWER respiratory tract?

A

-Trachea
-Primary Bronchi
-Bronchioles
-Respiratory bronchioles
-Alveolar ducts
-Alveoli
-Pulmonary capillaries

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15
Q

Trachea (AKA WINDPIPE)

A
  • Long tube that connects to the larynx.
  • WAlls are reinforced with C shaped rings of hyaline cartilage.
  • Lined with ciliated mucosa. (CILIA are beating in upward direction this time, and GOBLET CELLS are producing mucus.
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16
Q

Primary or Main Bronchi

A
  • Formed by division of the trachea
  • Bronchi then divide into smaller and smaller branches
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17
Q

Lungs basic anatomy

A

Occupy the ENTIRE thoracic cavity except for the central MEDIASTINUM.
- Apex of each lung is the top tip
- Base rests on diaphragm
- each lunch divided into lobes. Left lung (2) and right lung (3)

18
Q

Serosa

A

Covers outer surface of the lungs and makes serous fluid

19
Q

Pulmonary (Visceral) pleura

A

covers the lung surface

20
Q

Parietal pleura

A

Lines the walls of thoracic cavity

21
Q

Pleural serous fluid

A

Fills the area between layers. Allows the lungs to glide over the thorax.
- decreases friction during breathing

22
Q

Plearul Space (between layers)

A

Potential space

23
Q

Conducting Zone

A

Trachea > Primary bronchi > Bronchioles > terminal bronchioles

Functions to get the air from the outsides, condition it, and transfer to respiratory zone for GAS EXCHANGE

24
Q

Respiratory Zone

A

Site of ACTUAL gas exchange.
Includes:
- Respiratory bronchioles
-Alveolar ducts
-Aleovlar sacs
-Alveoli (Air Sacs)

25
Q

Simple Diffusion

A

O2 and CO2 exchanged through respiratory membrane by simple diffusion

26
Q

Hypoventilation

A

Dramatically increases carbonic acid concentration and involves super slow breathing

27
Q

Soft and Hard Palate

A

Separates nasal cavity

28
Q

External Respiration

A

CO2 unloaded from blood

29
Q

Damaged CIlia

A

May lead to inability to propel mucus from lungs to throat

30
Q

Intrapleural Pressure

A

The pressure in intrapleural space is always negative with respect to the lungs

31
Q

Tidal Volume

A

Normal quiet breathing, about ~500mL of air is moved

32
Q

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

A

Amount of air that can be taken in forcibly above the tidal volumeE

33
Q

Expiratory Reserve Volume

A

Amout of air that can be forcibly exhaled beyong tidal expiration

34
Q

Residual Volume

A

CANNOT exhale all air from lungs

35
Q

Vital Capacity

A

Total amount of exchangeable air

36
Q

Dead space volume

A

Some air remaining in the conducting zone and is not available fr blood exchange

37
Q

Funtional VOlume

A

Air that actually reaches the respiratory zone

38
Q

Bronchiol sounds

A

Air movnig through the trachea and bronchi

39
Q

Vesicular Sounds

A

Air filling the alveoli. this is a muffled breeze sound

40
Q

Abnormal Respiratory Sounds

A

Diseased tissues, excess mucus, or pus can produce abnormal sounds such as crackles, wheezing, and rales.

Anatomy & Physiology (25 decks)

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