Respiratory System Flashcards
Nasal Cavity
Air enters the respiratory system and is warmed, filtered and moistened.
Larynx
The vocal box.
Trachea
A passage way air passes through that is held up by cartilage rings.
Intercostal Muscles
The muscles between your ribs that aid with breathing
Ribs
Aid with breathing and protect the lungs and heart.
Right Lung
Has 3 lobes and is larger than the left lung
Pleura Cavity
The space between the pleurae and the lungs
Pleural Membrane
A thin layer of tissue that covers the lungs and lines the interior wall of the chest cavity.
Pleura Fluid
Keeps the pleura moist and helps the layers of tissue glide smoothly over each other as you breathe
Bronchi
Air passed through their towards the alveoli
Diaphragm
Aids breathing action by contracting and relaxing
Left Lung
Only has two lobes and is smaller than the right Lund to accomodate for the heart
Pharynx
Passage way for both the respiratory system and digestive system
Epiglottis
A flap of muscle that closes the trachea of when swallowing to avoid food entering the respiratory system.
Alveoli
Site of gas exchange
What are the 5 factors that increase Gas exchange?
Moist Surface in the alveoli to diffuse O2 quicker.
-1 cell thick walls in the capillaries and alveolus for less area to travel.
-Highly vascular around the alveoli for O2 to be sent to the rest of the body.
-Large surface area created by the millions of alveoli.
- Concentration gradient between gases
Describe three ways the concentration gradient is maintained.
- Heart, blood flowing to the lungs and back to the heart
- Cellular Respiration, Uses O2 and produces CO2 as a waste product.
- Ventilation, constant removal of CO2
Explain how cilia in the bronchioles assist in protecting the body?
It beats to move mucus that has trapped pathogens so they can be expelled.
Explain how the relationship between gas volume and pressure cause inspiration to occur?
The pressure in your lungs have to be lower than the pressure in the atmosphere to allow air into the the lungs. Vice versa for expiration.
How are oxygen and carbon dioxide gases exchanged within the lungs?
- O2 dissolves in the moist surface, it diffuses across the membrane into the capillaries and attaches to haemoglobin.
- CO2 diffuses across the membrane into the alveoli.
Describe the pressure in lungs compared with outside environment, lung volume, diaphragm position, intercostal muscle movement and position of the rib cage during inspiration.
The pressure in the lungs is lower than the outside, the lung volume increases and diaphragm pulls downs, the intercostal muscles contract pulling the ribcage up and outwards.
Describe the pressure in lungs compared with outside environment, lung volume, diaphragm position, intercostal muscle movement and position of the rib cage during expiration.
The pressure in the lungs is higher than the pressure outside, the lung volume decreases and the diaphragm bulges, the intercostal muscles contract and pull the rib cage down and in.
How is O2 taken into the circulatory system?
3% of oxygen is dissolved into the plasma of the blood, 97% attaches to the haemoglobin forming oxyhaemoglobin.
How is CO2 taken into the circulatory system?
7-10% is dissolved into the blood plasma, 60-70% forms a bicarbonate ion and 20-30% attaches to the haemoglobin forming carbominohaemoglobin.
