Respiratory System

Question 1

Nasal Cavity

Answer 1

Air enters the respiratory system and is warmed, filtered and moistened.

Question 2

Larynx

Answer 2

The vocal box.

Question 3

Trachea

Answer 3

A passage way air passes through that is held up by cartilage rings.

Question 4

Intercostal Muscles

Answer 4

The muscles between your ribs that aid with breathing

Question 5

Ribs

Answer 5

Aid with breathing and protect the lungs and heart.

Question 6

Right Lung

Answer 6

Has 3 lobes and is larger than the left lung

Question 7

Pleura Cavity

Answer 7

The space between the pleurae and the lungs

Question 8

Pleural Membrane

Answer 8

A thin layer of tissue that covers the lungs and lines the interior wall of the chest cavity.

Question 9

Pleura Fluid

Answer 9

Keeps the pleura moist and helps the layers of tissue glide smoothly over each other as you breathe

Question 10

Bronchi

Answer 10

Air passed through their towards the alveoli

Question 11

Diaphragm

Answer 11

Aids breathing action by contracting and relaxing

Question 12

Left Lung

Answer 12

Only has two lobes and is smaller than the right Lund to accomodate for the heart

Question 13

Pharynx

Answer 13

Passage way for both the respiratory system and digestive system

Question 14

Epiglottis

Answer 14

A flap of muscle that closes the trachea of when swallowing to avoid food entering the respiratory system.

Question 15

Alveoli

Answer 15

Site of gas exchange

Question 16

What are the 5 factors that increase Gas exchange?

Answer 16

Moist Surface in the alveoli to diffuse O2 quicker.
-1 cell thick walls in the capillaries and alveolus for less area to travel.
-Highly vascular around the alveoli for O2 to be sent to the rest of the body.
-Large surface area created by the millions of alveoli.
- Concentration gradient between gases

Question 17

Describe three ways the concentration gradient is maintained.

Answer 17

• Heart, blood flowing to the lungs and back to the heart
• Cellular Respiration, Uses O2 and produces CO2 as a waste product.
• Ventilation, constant removal of CO2

Question 18

Explain how cilia in the bronchioles assist in protecting the body?

Answer 18

It beats to move mucus that has trapped pathogens so they can be expelled.

Question 19

Explain how the relationship between gas volume and pressure cause inspiration to occur?

Answer 19

The pressure in your lungs have to be lower than the pressure in the atmosphere to allow air into the the lungs. Vice versa for expiration.

Question 20

How are oxygen and carbon dioxide gases exchanged within the lungs?

Answer 20

• O2 dissolves in the moist surface, it diffuses across the membrane into the capillaries and attaches to haemoglobin.
• CO2 diffuses across the membrane into the alveoli.

Question 20

Describe the pressure in lungs compared with outside environment, lung volume, diaphragm position, intercostal muscle movement and position of the rib cage during inspiration.

Answer 20

The pressure in the lungs is lower than the outside, the lung volume increases and diaphragm pulls downs, the intercostal muscles contract pulling the ribcage up and outwards.

Question 21

Describe the pressure in lungs compared with outside environment, lung volume, diaphragm position, intercostal muscle movement and position of the rib cage during expiration.

Answer 21

The pressure in the lungs is higher than the pressure outside, the lung volume decreases and the diaphragm bulges, the intercostal muscles contract and pull the rib cage down and in.

Question 21

How is O2 taken into the circulatory system?

Answer 21

3% of oxygen is dissolved into the plasma of the blood, 97% attaches to the haemoglobin forming oxyhaemoglobin.

Question 22

How is CO2 taken into the circulatory system?

Answer 22

7-10% is dissolved into the blood plasma, 60-70% forms a bicarbonate ion and 20-30% attaches to the haemoglobin forming carbominohaemoglobin.

Question 23

How does vaping affect the respiratory system?

Answer 23

inflammation and may lead to permanent scarring in the smallest branches of the airway.

Question 24

How does smoking affect the respiratory system?

Answer 24

irritation of the trachea and larynx reduced lung function and breathlessness due to swelling and narrowing of the lung airways and excess mucus in the lung passages

Question 25

What is Emphysema?

Answer 25

When the walls of the alveoli are damaged

Question 26

How does emphysema affect the respiratory system?

Answer 26

It can cause the small airways to collapse and can make it harder for the air to move in and harder for it to move out because it gets stuck on the mucus lining.

Question 27

What is Asthma?

Answer 27

The inflammation of the airways in the lungs.

Question 28

How does asthma affect the respiratory system?

Answer 28

It narrows the airways making it harder for air to flow out when exhaling.

Question 29

What is the difference between respiration and breathing?

Answer 29

Breathing refers to the physical act of inhaling and exhaling air through the lungs, while respiration is a chemical process that involves the exchange of gases between the lungs, blood, and body cells.

Question 30

Bronchioles

Answer 30

Delivers air to a diffuse network of around 300 million alveoli in the lungs

Question 31

How do the actions of breathing, blood flow, and the structure of alveoli collectively contribute to the efficient exchange of gases in the lungs?

Answer 31

Breathing ensures a continuous supply of oxygen to the alveoli, blood flow transports gases between alveoli and tissues, and the structure of alveoli provides an optimal environment for gas exchange, collectively leading to efficient exchange of gases in the lungs.

Question 32

How does the respiratory system regulate pH balance in the body through gas exchange?

Answer 32

The respiratory system regulates pH balance by adjusting the levels of carbon dioxide in the blood through changes in breathing rate and depth.

Question 33

How does the respiratory system protect itself from harmful substances in the air?

Answer 33

The respiratory system protects itself from harmful substances in the air through mechanisms such as mucous secretion, cilia movement, and coughing reflex.