RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Flashcards
What are the primary functions of the respritory system?
ventilation and gas exchange, filtering, warming, humidifying, sound production, smell, metabolism of hormones, acid-base balance
External Respiration
the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and blood
Internal Respiration
Gas exchange between capilary blood and the cells in tissues
Cellular Respiration
the use of oxygen by cells that produce ATP by oxydizing glucose
mediastinum
the space between the left and right lungs
True/False
The right lung is smaller than the left lung
False
The right lung is larger and has 3 lobes while the left lung only has 2
Bronchi subdivide into ___
Bronchioles
how many bronchopulmonary segments does the right lung have
the right lung has 10 bronchopulmonary segments
How many Bronchopulmonary segments does the left lung have
the left lung has 8 bronchopulmonary segments
A typical lung has how many alveoli
500 million
pulmonary ventilation
pulmonary ventilation refers to the alternating flow of air into and out of the lungs due to the actions of various respritory muscles
Instpiratory Muscles
Expand the rib cage and drive airflow into lungs
Involves Diaphragm, external intercoastals, sternocleiodmastoid, and scalenes
Expiratory Muscles
depresses or compresses the rib cage forcing air out the lungs
Involves: internal intercoastals, and abdominal muscles
inspiration occurs when…
pressure in the lungs is less than the atmospheric pressure
expiration occurs when…
pressure in the lungs is greater than the pressure in the atmosphere
Atmospheric pressure at sea level is
760mmhg
Anotomic Dead Space is
The region in the respritory tract where no gas exchange occurs
The spirogram is used to
the spirogram is used to measure lung volumes over time
Inspiratory capacity=
tidal volume+Inspiratory reserve volume
vital capacity=
(the volume you can control)
Expiratory reserve volume + Tidal volume + Inspiratory reserve volume
Functional residual capacity=
Expiratory reserve volume + residual volume
what can casuse a decrease in lung complience
thickening and stiffining of lung tissue
what is Daltons Law?
Daltons Law:
In a mixture of gases each gas will exert a pressure that is proportional to its concentration.
Deoxygenated blood has a __ PO2 and ___ PCO2
Deoxygenated blood has a lower PO2 and a higher PCO2
Oxygenated blood has a __ PCO2 and __ PO2
Oxygenated blood has a lower PCO2 and a higher PO2
Durring Cellular Respiration glucose & O2 get converted into
CO2 & H20 and Energy
The most direct and accurate way to measure whole body O2 uptake is by the
Fick Method
two forms in which O2 is transported
- Bound to hemoglobin ( 98.5%)
- Dissolved in the plasma (1.5%)
Venous Blood
deoxygenated blood
an increase in PH causes
a decrease in tempeture
a decrease in blood PCO2
Normal Hb content levels in males and females
males: ~ 16 Hb/dl
females: ~ 14 Hb/dl
Hypoxia
lack of O2 at the tissue level
Anemia
Lowered ability of blood to carry oxygen due to low blood RBC count or Hb concentration
Hypoxemia
Low blood O2 due to low blood Hb saturation
3 ways CO2 is transported in blood
- in plasma as bicarbonate(HCO3-) ions (~70%)
- Bound to hemogloin as carbaminohemoglobin(~23%)
- raw CO2 dissolved in plasma (~7%)
our planet is made up of how much N2, O2, and CO2
79% N2, 21% O2, and <1%CO2
where does gas exchange occur
Alveoli
Pulmonary flow is
deoxygenates blood being pumed to the lungs from right side of heart
nutritional flow is
parrt of the systemic system coming from the bronchial arteries to the lungs
true/false
you can control the intraplurall pressure
true
the intraplural presure at sea level
756mmhg
what kind of tissue can be found in the alveoli
simple squamous epithelium
Function:diffusion
what kind of tissue can be found in the mouth and esophagus
stratified squamous Epithelium
Function: a protective barrier
what kind of tissue can be found in the nasal cavity, trachea and bronchi
psudostratified cilliated columnar epithelium
Function secrestion and movment of mucus
what kind of tissue can be found on the noe, parts of the larynx, trachea and bronchi
hyaline cartilage
Function: flexibility and support
what kind of tissue can be found on the epiglottis and larynx
Elastic cartilage
function:provides strength and elasticity
