Respiratory System Flashcards
What is tidal volume
Volume of air breathed in or out per breath
Increase during exercise
What is inspiratory reserve volume
Volume of air that can be forcibly inspired after a normal breath
Decrease during exercise
What is expiratory reserve volume
Volume of air that can be forcibly expired after a normal breath
Slight decrease during exercise
What is residual volume
Volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximum expiration
Remains the same during exercise
What is minute ventilation
Volume of air breathed in or out per minute
Big increase during exercise
What is a spirometer
A device that measures the volume of air inspired and expired by the lungs
Be able to label
How are gasses exchanged at the lungs
Ventilation:
Inspiration - Diaphragm contracts, the external intercostal muscles lift the rib cage , increases thoracic volume
Expiration - diaphragm relaxes, internal intercostal muscles contract, decreasing thoracic volume
The structure of alveoli provides a large surface area and thin walls, facilitating efficient diffusion of gases.
Diffusion -
Oxygen from the air in the alveoli diffuses into the blood, where it binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells.
Gaseous exchange at the muscles
Oxygenated blood from the lungs is pumped by the heart to the muscles through the circulatory system.
Oxygen diffuses from the blood in the capillaries into the muscle cells.
Deoxygenated blood, now carrying carbon dioxide, returns to the heart through veins to be pumped to the lungs for gas exchange
