Energy Systems Flashcards
How is energy created in the ATP PC system
There is 1 A and 3 P
An enzyme breaks off a P to create ADP which releases energy = ATP = ADP + P
Phosphocreatine makes a reaction which causes energy = P + C + Energy
This causes Energy —— ADP + P which leads to ATP being created
Advantages for ATP PC system
ATP can be re synthesised rapidly using the ATP PC system
Phosphocreatine stores can be re synthesised quickly
There are no fatiguing by products
It is possible to extend the time the ATP PC system can be utilised through the use of creatine supplementation
Disadvantages for ATP PC system
Limited supply of phosphocreatine in the muscle cell, only lasts for 10s
Only 1 mole of ATP can be re synthesised for every mole of PC
PC re synthesis can only take place in the presence of oxygen (when intensity is reduced
How does
Intensity of anaerobic glycolytic system
High with time to recover
How do hydrogen irons affect us in the anaerobic glycolytic system
Hydrogen ions are a by product of the lactic acid system (anaerobic glycolysis). H+ cause the muscle pH to drop (become more acidic). This inhibits the glycolytic enzyme and makes contractions difficult
Advantages for anaerobic glycolytic system
No delay for O2
ATP can be re-synthesised quickly due to few chemical reactions
Can be used for high intensities - sprint finishes
Due to no oxygen, lactic acid can be converted back to the liver glycogen or used as fuel through oxidation into carbon dioxide and water
Disadvantages of anaerobic glycolytic system
Lactic acid as the by product. The accumulation de natures enzymes prevents an increase rate of chemical reaction
Only a small amount of energy can be released from glycogen under anaerobic conditions
Anaerobic glycolytic chemical pathway
Glycogen
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Glucose
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|- - PFK - 2ATP
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Pyruvate —- Lactic acid
Duration of ATP PC system
1-3 seconds
Up to 10 s
Duration of anaerobic glycolytic system
Up to 60s
Enzyme for anaerobic glycolytic system
PFK
Disadvantages of the aerobic system
Complicated systems - can’t be used straight away
O2 becomes available glycogen + fatty acids completely broken down
Fatty acids transportation to muscles is low and requires more O2
What is stage 1 in the aerobic energy system
Glycolysis - Glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid —- 2 ATP formed
Pyruvic acid is oxidised and Coenzyme A carries it into the Krebs cycle
What is stage 2 of the aerobic energy system
Stage 2: In the mitochondria matrix
Kerb cycle - The 2 acetyl groups diffuse into the matrix of the mitochondria.
The acetyl groups combine with oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid
Hydrogen is removed from the citric acid by ‘oxidative carboxylation’
Produces C,H and 2 ATP molecules
What is stage 3 of the aerobic energy cycle
Electron transport chain:
Hydrogen splits into H ions and H electrons both are charged with potential energy
H ions are oxidised to form water while the electrons provide enough energy to resynthesises 34 ATP
What is sub maximal oxygen deficit
When there is not enough oxygen available at the start of exercise to provide all the energy (ATP) aerobically
Oxygen deficit = how much effort was anaerobic
Draw and label a graph that illustrates oxygen consumption during exercise and recovery
Know the oxygen deficit and steady state vo2 on a diagram
Know the different graphs for maximal and submaximal oxygen deficit.
What is maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD)
It gives an indication of the athletes anaerobic capacity
What is EPOC
Regaining oxygen after exercise
Reoxygenation of blood and myoglobin
Breakdown of lactate in blood
Resynthesis of glycogen from lactate (stored in liver)
2 components
What is the fast component of EPOC
2 - 3 minutes following the event
Need 1-4 litres of extra O2 to replenish ATP PC
50% restored in 30s
Replenishes all myoglobin stores of O2
What is the function of the slow component in EPOC
Removal of lactic acid
Maintenance of ventilation
Maintenance of circulation
Maintenance of body temperature
Requires 5-8 l of O2 can take minutes up to hours
Factors that affect our ability to use O2
Physiological:
Increase stroke volume
Lifestyle
Body composition
Training e.g continuous fartlek, aerobic, interval ect
Genetics
Gender
The older you are the lower your vo2 max
What is the process of altitude training
Power partial pressure stimulates EPO in the blood to produce more haemoglobin and red blood cells
Acclimatise players who have to compete at high altitudes
Benefits of altitude training
Increased haemoglobin
Increased myoglobin
Increased oxygen carrying capacity
Delayed OBLA
Benefits last up to 6-8 weeks
Cons of altitude training
Benefits start to be lost within a few days of returning to sea level
Time away from family
Altitude sickness
Training low,intensity for first few days
What is HITT training
Involves high intensity intervals of maximum intensity exercise. Followed by a recovery interval of moderate intensity
Benefits of HITT training method on performance
Improves fat burning potential
Improves aerobic / anaerobic endurance and capacity
Higher EPOC
Time efficient
Improves glucose metabolism
Disadvantages of HITT training
Risk of overtraining
Fatigue and injury risk
Not the best for skill development
What is plyometrics training
Improved power and explosiveness
Increased strength and muscle recruitment
Sports specific performance enhancement
Disadvantages of plyometric training
Injury risk
Not suitable for beginners
Fatigue and overtraining
Joint stress
Specific equipment required
What is the Speed agility quickness training
How fast a person can move over a specific distance
Ability to move the position of the body quickly and effectively while under control
Benefits of speed agility quickness training
Aims to develop movement through developing the neuromuscular system
Energy provided anaerobically
Improved speed
Increased reaction time
Improved co ordination and balance
Disadvantages of speed agility quickness training
Equipment and facilities required
Injury - fatigue / overtraining
Skills may nit be transferred
