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Aaa Holy Cross Test PE > Energy Systems > Flashcards

Energy Systems Flashcards

1
Q

How is energy created in the ATP PC system

A

There is 1 A and 3 P

An enzyme breaks off a P to create ADP which releases energy = ATP = ADP + P

Phosphocreatine makes a reaction which causes energy = P + C + Energy

This causes Energy —— ADP + P which leads to ATP being created

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2
Q

Advantages for ATP PC system

A

ATP can be re synthesised rapidly using the ATP PC system

Phosphocreatine stores can be re synthesised quickly

There are no fatiguing by products

It is possible to extend the time the ATP PC system can be utilised through the use of creatine supplementation

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3
Q

Disadvantages for ATP PC system

A

Limited supply of phosphocreatine in the muscle cell, only lasts for 10s

Only 1 mole of ATP can be re synthesised for every mole of PC

PC re synthesis can only take place in the presence of oxygen (when intensity is reduced

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4
Q

How does

A
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5
Q

Intensity of anaerobic glycolytic system

A

High with time to recover

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6
Q

How do hydrogen irons affect us in the anaerobic glycolytic system

A

Hydrogen ions are a by product of the lactic acid system (anaerobic glycolysis). H+ cause the muscle pH to drop (become more acidic). This inhibits the glycolytic enzyme and makes contractions difficult

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7
Q

Advantages for anaerobic glycolytic system

A

No delay for O2

ATP can be re-synthesised quickly due to few chemical reactions

Can be used for high intensities - sprint finishes

Due to no oxygen, lactic acid can be converted back to the liver glycogen or used as fuel through oxidation into carbon dioxide and water

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8
Q

Disadvantages of anaerobic glycolytic system

A

Lactic acid as the by product. The accumulation de natures enzymes prevents an increase rate of chemical reaction

Only a small amount of energy can be released from glycogen under anaerobic conditions

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9
Q

Anaerobic glycolytic chemical pathway

A

Glycogen
|
|
|
Glucose
|
|- - PFK - 2ATP
|
Pyruvate —- Lactic acid

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10
Q

Duration of ATP PC system

A

1-3 seconds
Up to 10 s

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11
Q

Duration of anaerobic glycolytic system

A

Up to 60s

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12
Q

Enzyme for anaerobic glycolytic system

A

PFK

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13
Q

Disadvantages of the aerobic system

A

Complicated systems - can’t be used straight away

O2 becomes available glycogen + fatty acids completely broken down

Fatty acids transportation to muscles is low and requires more O2

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14
Q

What is stage 1 in the aerobic energy system

A

Glycolysis - Glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid —- 2 ATP formed

Pyruvic acid is oxidised and Coenzyme A carries it into the Krebs cycle

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15
Q

What is stage 2 of the aerobic energy system

A

Stage 2: In the mitochondria matrix

Kerb cycle - The 2 acetyl groups diffuse into the matrix of the mitochondria.

The acetyl groups combine with oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid

Hydrogen is removed from the citric acid by ‘oxidative carboxylation’

Produces C,H and 2 ATP molecules

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16
Q

What is stage 3 of the aerobic energy cycle

A

Electron transport chain:

Hydrogen splits into H ions and H electrons both are charged with potential energy

H ions are oxidised to form water while the electrons provide enough energy to resynthesises 34 ATP

17
Q

What is sub maximal oxygen deficit

A

When there is not enough oxygen available at the start of exercise to provide all the energy (ATP) aerobically

Oxygen deficit = how much effort was anaerobic

18
Q

Draw and label a graph that illustrates oxygen consumption during exercise and recovery

A

Know the oxygen deficit and steady state vo2 on a diagram

19
Q

Know the different graphs for maximal and submaximal oxygen deficit.

A
20
Q

What is maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD)

A

It gives an indication of the athletes anaerobic capacity

21
Q

What is EPOC

A

Regaining oxygen after exercise

Reoxygenation of blood and myoglobin

Breakdown of lactate in blood

Resynthesis of glycogen from lactate (stored in liver)

2 components

22
Q

What is the fast component of EPOC

A

2 - 3 minutes following the event

Need 1-4 litres of extra O2 to replenish ATP PC

50% restored in 30s

Replenishes all myoglobin stores of O2

23
Q

What is the function of the slow component in EPOC

A

Removal of lactic acid

Maintenance of ventilation

Maintenance of circulation

Maintenance of body temperature

Requires 5-8 l of O2 can take minutes up to hours

24
Q

Factors that affect our ability to use O2

A

Physiological:
Increase stroke volume

Lifestyle

Body composition

Training e.g continuous fartlek, aerobic, interval ect

Genetics

Gender

The older you are the lower your vo2 max

25
Q

What is the process of altitude training

A

Power partial pressure stimulates EPO in the blood to produce more haemoglobin and red blood cells

Acclimatise players who have to compete at high altitudes

26
Q

Benefits of altitude training

A

Increased haemoglobin
Increased myoglobin
Increased oxygen carrying capacity
Delayed OBLA
Benefits last up to 6-8 weeks

27
Q

Cons of altitude training

A

Benefits start to be lost within a few days of returning to sea level

Time away from family

Altitude sickness

Training low,intensity for first few days

28
Q

What is HITT training

A

Involves high intensity intervals of maximum intensity exercise. Followed by a recovery interval of moderate intensity

29
Q

Benefits of HITT training method on performance

A

Improves fat burning potential

Improves aerobic / anaerobic endurance and capacity

Higher EPOC

Time efficient

Improves glucose metabolism

30
Q

Disadvantages of HITT training

A

Risk of overtraining

Fatigue and injury risk

Not the best for skill development

31
Q

What is plyometrics training

A

Improved power and explosiveness

Increased strength and muscle recruitment

Sports specific performance enhancement

32
Q

Disadvantages of plyometric training

A

Injury risk

Not suitable for beginners

Fatigue and overtraining

Joint stress

Specific equipment required

33
Q

What is the Speed agility quickness training

A

How fast a person can move over a specific distance

Ability to move the position of the body quickly and effectively while under control

34
Q

Benefits of speed agility quickness training

A

Aims to develop movement through developing the neuromuscular system

Energy provided anaerobically

Improved speed

Increased reaction time

Improved co ordination and balance

35
Q

Disadvantages of speed agility quickness training

A

Equipment and facilities required

Injury - fatigue / overtraining

Skills may nit be transferred

Aaa Holy Cross Test PE (7 decks)

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