Cardiovascular Systsm Flashcards
What is the sympathetic system
A part of the autonomic nervous system that speeds up heart rate
What is the parasympathetic system
A part of the autonomic nervous system that decreases heart rate
What are neural control mechanisms that regulate the heart during exercise
Sympathetic and parasympathetic systems
Co ordinated by the medulla oblongata
Impulses sent to the SAN to increase or decrease HR
What are chemical regulations of HR
Chemoreceptors - Detect changes in blood acidity caused by an increase or decrease in the concentration of carbon dioxide. If carbon dioxide is high then the sympathetic system will be stimulated, increasing HR
Barorecptors - respond to changes in blood pressure to either increase or decrease HR - increase blood pressure causes a decrease in HR
Proprioceptors- detect a change in muscle movement
How is oxygen transported around
During exercise oxygen is diffused into haemoglobin to form oxyhemoglobin
This is when the partial pressure is high
At the tissue oxygen is released from oxyhemoglobin due to low pressure. This release into tissue is referred to as oxyhemoglobin disassociation
In the muscle the oxygen is stored by myoglobin, this has a high affinity for oxygen and will be stored until used by the muscles
What is A - VO2 diff
The difference in oxygen of the arterial blood arriving at the muscles and the venous blood leaving the muscles
What is AVO2 max at rest
There is not much difference as your muscles do not require that much oxygen
What is AVO2 max during exercise for athletes
It is high as your muscles need a lot of oxygen.
Training increases atrial venous difference as trained performers can extract more oxygen from their blood
Adaptations that occur to the body systems which account for the variations in AVO2 diff
Increase cardiac output
Increase stroke volume
Improve oxygen diffusion
Increase surface area of aveoli
Increase red blood cell production
