Respiratory System

Question 1

What are two common upper airway problems

Answer 1

Left Laryngeal Hemiplegia (Roaring)
Dorsal Displacement of Soft Palate (Choking)

Question 2

What are three common lower airway problems

Answer 2

Exercise Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhaging (Bleeding)
Recurrent Airway Obstruction (Heaves)
Inflammatory Airway Disease

Question 3

What are the parts of the throat

Answer 3

Epiglottis
Vocal Cords
Arytenoid Cartilages
Soft Palate
Trachea

Question 4

How is movement generated

Answer 4

Muscles contract and pull on a tendon
The tendon is attached to bone
The muscle-tendon unit causes the bone to move

Question 5

What are the types of movement

Answer 5

Adduction - move towards body
Abduction - move away from body
Rotation - move over and back
Flexion - closing angle of joint
Extension - opening angle of joint

Question 6

What does the extensor carpi radials do

Answer 6

Extends the knee (carpus), located along the radius

Question 7

Explain the components of muscles

Answer 7

Bundles of myofibrils makes one muscle cell
Bundles of muscle cells make fascicles
Bundles of fascicles makes muscles

Question 8

What are sarcomeres

Answer 8

Where muscle contraction occurs

Question 9

What are thick filaments made of

Answer 9

Myosin

Question 10

What are thin filaments made of

Answer 10

Actin

Question 11

What are the steps to muscle contraction

Answer 11

A neural impulse occurs
The signal causes a chain of reactions resulting in the release of calcium within the muscle cell
The calcium causes a change that allows the thin and thick filaments of the sarcomere to interact
ATP is used as the thick and thin filaments associate and disassociate- causing the sarcomere to shorten

Question 12

Where do muscles get ATP

Answer 12

Stored ATP
Creatine phosphate
Aerobic (oxidative) metabolism
Anaerobic (glycolytic) metabolism

Question 13

How is stored ATP broken down

Answer 13

ATP -> ADP +P
very limited amounts

Question 14

How is creatine phosphate broken down

Answer 14

ADP + CP -> ATP + creatine
very limited amounts

Question 15

How does aerobic metabolism work

Answer 15

Carbs or fats -> (using O2) -> ATP + CO2 + H2O
Most efficient and sustainable
Not always fast and needs O2

Question 16

Fuel sources for aerobic ATP production

Answer 16

Carbs- storage form in the body is glycogen
Fats- most efficient and most abundant in the body some fat is stored in muscles and adipose tissue

Question 17

Where is glycogen stored

Answer 17

Muscle cells and liver
Stores are very small compared to fat stores

Question 18

What is glycogen broken down into and how is it done

Answer 18

Glucose -> ATP + CO2
+ H2

Question 19

What can impact blood glucose

Answer 19

Food (primarily starch and sugar)
Liver glycogen
Gluconeogenesis in the liver

Question 20

How does anaerobic ATP production occur

Answer 20

Carbs -> ATP + Lactate + H+
Not efficient
O2 not needed
Accumulation of H+ leads to fatigue