respiratory system Flashcards
what is pulmonary ventilation
movement of air in and out of lungs
external respiration
oxygen and co2 exchange between lungs and blood
transport
oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood
internal respiration
oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange between systemic blood vessels and tissuesrd
order of respiratory tree
trachea, right and left main primary bronchi, lobar secondary bronchi, segmental tertiary bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles
what are bronchioles
smallest airway in your lungs
what is different about bronchioles from bronchi
bronchioles dont have cartilage but they have more smooth muscle
what does that mean for bronchioles
they are more sensitive to vasoconstriction/dilation
what do the walls of bronchioles contain
cilia and club cells
what are cilia
tiny finger-like structures that work to move debris and germs out of airways. the number of cilia decreases as bronchioles gets smaller
what are club cells
they secrete surfactant to reduce surface tension and enzymes that break down debris and irritants what is airway resistance
what is airway resistance
obstruction to air flow
what causes airway resistance
friction and diameters of conducting tubes
what is bronchospasm
abnormal contraction of smooth muscle tissue in the airways of the lungs that results in narrowing and difficulty breathing
what are bronchodilators
they stimulate beta two receptors in the muscles that line the airways and causes them to relax and dilate
what is bronchiloe inflammation
nonspecific protective reaction to tissue injury which includes increased blood flow, vascular permeability, and infiltration of cells and can occur in the bronchioles of the lungsw
what are the four things that cause airway inflammation
respiratory irritants, pulmonary diseases, lung infections, and trauma
describe bronchial mucous
traps irritants in your airways and helps the body expel them through coughing. However, mucus that collects in the airways can make breathing more difficult and increases risk of infection
impact of smoking and vaping on respiratory structures and functions
think ab it
