Cancer

Question 1

define cancer

Answer 1

abnormal, uncontrollable cell growth beyond their usual boundaries to invade adjoining parts of the body and/or spread to other organs

Question 2

how are the types named

Answer 2

for the organs, tissues, or type of cell that forms there

Question 3

what is the most common type

Answer 3

carcinomas which are formed by epithelial cells which are cells that cover the inside and outside surfaces of the body (adenocarcinomas, basal cell, etc)

Question 4

what is lymphoma

Answer 4

abnormal lymphocytes (Tcells or Bcells) build up in lymph nodes and vessels (hodgkin(have abnormal lymphocytes)) or non-hodegkins(large group of cancers that can grow from b or t cells)

Question 5

what is leukemia

Answer 5

cancers that begin in the blood-forming tissue of the bone marrow but they are not solid (lymphocytic or myeloid)

Question 6

what is melanoma

Answer 6

begins in melanocytes (either skin or intraocular)

Question 7

what are sarcomas

Answer 7

cancers that form in the bone and soft tissue including muscle, fat, fibrous tissue, and lymph/blood vessels (osteosarcoma, angiosarcoma, etc)

Question 8

what is multiple myeloma

Answer 8

cancer that begins in plasms cells (smoldering(no no symptoms) and active (symptoms))

Question 9

brain and spinal cord tumors

Answer 9

form in CNS (gliomas)

Question 10

prevalence of types and population differences

Answer 10

NEED

Question 11

pain

Answer 11

due to invasion of metastatic cells and activation of pain and pressure receptors

Question 12

cachexia (body wasting)

Answer 12

refers to an overall weight loss and generalized weakness and decreased appetite in a hypermetabolic stated

Question 13

deficits in immune system

Answer 13

cancer cells secrete substances that suppress the immune system

Question 14

bone marrow suppression

Answer 14

due to invasion and destruction of blood forming cells (anemia)

Question 15

hair loss, sloughing off mucosal membranes

Answer 15

complications of radiation and chemo

Question 16

risk factors

Answer 16

age, smoking, exposure to sun and tanning beds, overweight/obese, excessive alc, infectious disease, and exposure to carcinogens

Question 17

what are carcinogens

Answer 17

substances that may increase your risk of developing cancer

Question 18

how do carcinogens lead to gene mutations

Answer 18

can damage DNA directly leading to gene mutations that over time can cause a cell to become malignant

Question 19

simply coming into contact with a carcinogen

Answer 19

does not mean you will develop cancer

Question 20

factors that increase risk

Answer 20

longtime exposure to a carcinogen
extensive exposure
having genetic (inherited mutations)

Question 21

common carcinogens

Answer 21

tobacco
asbestos
radon
crispy brown food
formaldehyde
pollution
UV
alc
processed meat
engine exhaust

Question 22

common treatments

Answer 22

surgery, radiation therapy, and chemo

Question 23

what is radiation

Answer 23

ionized radiation is applied locally/regionally
kills cells by damaging their DNA (initiate apoptosis)

Question 24

what is chemo

Answer 24

systemic administration of anticancer treatments
cytotoxin agents that interfere with some aspect of cell division
not selective for tumor cells and certain amount of normal cell death also occurs

Question 25

surgery

Answer 25

removal of solid mass tumors
commonly accompanied with radiation since even on remaining cancer cells may be sufficient to reinitiate tumor formation

Question 26

what is cancer survival

Answer 26

often used as a general term describing someone who has had a diagnosis of cancer

Question 27

programming challenges

Answer 27

cancer survivors often experience a variety of acute, chronic, and late side effects from cancer and its treatments that may exercise prescription

Question 28

in order to exercise cancer survivors need

Answer 28

preparticipation evaluations

Question 29

programming considerations

Answer 29

exercise training is safe during and after treatment
recommendations for cancer survivors are similar to genpop FITT guidelines with cancer-specific considerations:
1. tailoring should consider preexisting health conditions and treatment-related side effects
2. symptom response may guide ex programming
3. start light intensity and progress slowly to reduce risk of symptom exacerbation

Question 30

cancer specific considerations

Answer 30

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