Respiratory System

Question 1

Supplies oxygen for cellular respiration and disposes carbon dioxide

Answer 1

Gas Exchange

Question 2

Pressure exerted by a particular gas in a mixture of gases
Apply to gases dissolved in liquids such as water

Answer 2

Partial Pressure

Question 3

Outfoldings of the body that create a large surface area for gas exchange

Answer 3

Gills

Question 4

Moves the respiratory medium over the respiratory surface

Answer 4

Ventilation

Question 5

Animals can use air or water as the oxygen source

Answer 5

Respiratory Media

Question 6

In a given volume, there is less oxygen available in water
than in air
Obtaining oxygen from requires greater efficiency
than air breathing

Answer 6

Water

Question 7

Aquatic animals move through water or move water over
their gills for

Answer 7

Ventilation

Question 8

Use countercurrent exchange system

Answer 8

Fish gills

Question 9

Blood flows in the opposite direction to water passing over the gills
Blood is always less saturated with oxygen than the water it meets

Answer 9

countercurrent exchange systems

Question 10

o Network of branching tubes throughout the body
o Tracheal tubes supply oxygen directly to the body cells
o Respiratory and circulatory systems are separate

Answer 10

Tracheal system

Question 11

Respiratory system for insects

Answer 11

Tracheal system

Question 12

Infolding of the body surface
The circulatory system transports gases between the _____ and the rest of the body
Size and complexity of the _______ correlate with an animal’s metabolic rate

Answer 12

Lungs

Question 13

A system of branching ducts conveys air to the lungs

Answer 13

Mammalian Respiratory System

Question 14

o Air sacs at the tips of the bronchioles
o Site of gas exchange
Oxygen diffuses through the moist film of the epithelium and into capillaries

Answer 14

Alveoli

Question 15

Secretion that coats the surface of the alveoli

Answer 15

Surfactants

Question 16

Process that ventilates the lungs
Alternate inhalation and exhalation of air

Answer 16

Breathing

Question 17

Ventilates its lungs by positive pressure
Forces air down the trachea

Answer 17

Amphibian Breathing

Question 18

Passage of air through the entire system of lungs and air sacs requires two cycles of inhalation and exhalation

Answer 18

Avian Breathing

Question 19

Birds have _____ that function as bellows that keep air flowing through the lungs

Answer 19

8 - 9 Air sacs

Question 20

Ventilate their lungs by negative pressure breathing
Pulls air into the lungs
Lung volume increases as the rib muscles and diaphragm contract
Rib cage expands

Answer 20

Mammal Breathing

Question 21

o Volume of air inhaled with each breath

Answer 21

Tidal volume

Question 22

Maximum tidal volume

Answer 22

Vital Capacity

Question 23

o Air in the lungs after exhalation

Answer 23

Residual Volume

Question 24

Breathing is usually regulated by

Answer 24

involuntary mechanisms

Question 25

Breathing control center
Regulates rate and depth of breathing in response to pH changes in the CSF

Answer 25

Medulla oblongata

Question 26

Blood arriving in the lungs has a low partial pressure of oxygen and a high partial pressure of carbon dioxide relative to air in the alveoli
In the alveoli, oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses into the air

Answer 26

Blood Circulation and Gas Exchange

Question 27

inside the erythrocytes

Answer 27

o Hemoglobin

Question 28

carry four molecules of oxygen, one molecule for each iron- containing heme group

Answer 28

A single hemoglobin molecule can

Question 29

o With evolutionary adaptations that allow them to perform extraordinary feats

Answer 29

Diving mammals

Question 30

Can remain under water for 20 minutes to an hour

Answer 30

Weddell seals

Question 31

Can dive 1,500 meters under water
Remain for up to 2 hours
Have high blood to body volume ratio

Answer 31

Elephant seals

Question 32

o They stockpile oxygen and deplete it slowly
o Can store oxygen in muscles in myoglobin proteins

Answer 32

Diving mammals

Question 33

Diving mammals Conserve oxygen by

Answer 33

Changing their buoyancy to glide passively
Decreasing blood supply to muscles
Deriving ATP in muscles from fermentation once oxygen is depleted