Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ZOOLONE 3 > CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM > Flashcards

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

organ system where the exchange of materials throughout the body

A

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

cells can exchange materials directly with the surrounding medium

A

DIFFUSION in small animals or thin animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cells exchange materials with the environment via a fluid-filled circulatory system

A

DIFFUSION in most animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

functions in both digestive and distribution of substances,

A

GASTROVASCULAR CAVITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

animals with body well is only 2 cells thick

A

jellyfish cnidarians and flatworms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM components:

A

circulatory fluid
set of interconnecting vessels
muscular pump ( heart )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

may be open or closed
may vary in number of circuits in the body

A

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

insects, other arthropods, and some molluscs circulatory system
do not have blood vessel
presence of hemolymph
body fluids are continuous within the body

A

OPEN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

circulatory fluid that bathes the organs directly
white, clear, or yellowish-white instead of red blood color

A

hemolymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

annelids, vertebrates, and cephalopods circulatory system
presence of blood
blood enters in the atrium
blood is pumped out in the ventricle

A

CLOSED CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

confined to vessels
moves along the blood vessels
distinct from the interstitial fluid

A

blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

closed circulatory system of humans and other vertebrates

A

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

arteries
veins
capillaries

A

3 main types of blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

branch into arterioles and carry blood away from the heart, toward the capillaries

A

arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

branch into venules and return blood to the heart

A

veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

network of vessels and site of chemical exchange between blood and interstitial fluids

A

capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

blood enters in the ___

A

atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

blood is pumped out in the ___

A

ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

brings blood from the circulation back into the heart

A

atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

pumps the blood out

A

ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

bony fishes, rays, and sharks have single circulation with a two-chambered heart
blood leaving the heart passes through 2 capillary beds before returning

A

SINGLE CIRCULATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

single circulation pathway

A

atrium - ventricle - artery - gill capillaries - body capillaries - vein - heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

amphibians, reptiles, and mammals
oxygen-poor and oxygen-rich blood are pumped separately from the right and left sides of the heart
maintains higher blood pressure in the organs than does single circulation

A

DOUBLE CIRCULATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

amphibians:
lung & skin capillaries ( to get oxygen ) - atrium - heart-ventricle - artery ( to deliver oxygenated blood ) - systemic circuit

A

pulmocutaneous circuit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

amphibians:
systemic capillaries ( exchange of gases / gets deoxygenated blood ) - veins - atrium - heart

A

systemic circuit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

oxygen-poor blood flows through the pulmonary circuit to pick up oxygen through the lungs

A

reptiles and mammals closed circulatory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

reptiles and mammals:

A

oxygen-poor blood flows through the pulmonary circuit to pick up oxygen through the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

reptiles and mammals:
no skin is involved
lung capillaries - left atrium - left ventricle - artery - systemic circuit

A

pulmonary circuit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

reptiles and mammals:
systemic capillaries - vein - right atrium - right ventricle

A

systemic circuit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

reptiles and mammals closed circulatory system pathway

A

getting oxygen from pulmonary circuit - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta - systemic circuit to distribute oxygen rich blood - vein - right atrium - right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

some vertebrates with double circulation are, amphibians and many reptiles, relying on skin for gas exhange

A

intermittent breathers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

3-chambered heart, 2 atria, 1 ventricle

A

frogs and amphibians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

a septum divides the ventricles
pulmonary and systemic circuits connect where arteries exit the heart
still 3-chambered heart, 2 atria, 1 ventricle

A

reptiles / alligators, caimans, and other crocodilians

34
Q

mammals and birds heart parts

A

4-chambered heart
2 atria
2 ventricles
right: deoxygenated
left: oxygenated

35
Q

pathway of the circulatory system in mammals and birds

A

right ventricle
pulmonary artery
lungs ( blood gets oxygen, release carbon dioxide )
pulmonary vein
left atrium
left ventricle
aorta
body tissues via capillaries ( blood exchange )
superior (upper portion of the body) and inferior (lower portion of the body) vena cava
right atrium
right ventricle

36
Q

2 atria, 2 ventricles
found in the thorax region
protected by rib cage
enclosed in pericardium

A

THE MAMMALIAN HEART

37
Q

with relatively thin walls
serve as collection chambers for blood returning to the heart

A

atria

38
Q

with thicker walls
contract much more forcefully
pump out blood

A

ventricles

39
Q

(valves)
tricuspid valve ( RA & RV )
bicuspid, mitral valve ( LA & LV )

A

atrioventricular valves

40
Q

(valves)
pulmonary semilunar valve
( RV & pulmonary artery )
aortic semilunar valve
( LF & aorta )

A

semilunar valves

41
Q

muscles that hold the atrioventricular valves

A

chordae tendineae

42
Q

contraction or pumping phase

A

systole

43
Q

relaxation or filling phase

A

diastole

44
Q

normal heartbeat creates what sound

A

normal heartbeat creates a lub-dub sound

45
Q

recoil of blood against AV valves

A

lub

46
Q

recoil of blood against semilunar valves

A

dub

47
Q

checked in the pulse
number of beats per minute

A

heart rate

48
Q

backflow of blood through a defective valve

A

heart murmur

49
Q

pacemaker
sets the rate and timing at which the cardiac muscle cells contract
found in right atrium

A

sinoatrial ( SA ) node

50
Q

MAINTAINING THE HEART’S RHYTHMIC BEAT

A

impulses from the SA node goes down to the atrioventricular ( AV ) node, to the bundle of his, then purkinje fibers, cause the contraction

51
Q

recording of the impulses that travel during the cardiac cycle

A

electrocardiogram ( ECG or EKG )

52
Q

what wave does the SA node make

A

P wave

53
Q

what wave does the AV node make

A

PR interval

54
Q

what wave does the Bundle of His node make

A

start of QRS complex

55
Q

what wave does the Purkinje fibers make

A

QRS complex

56
Q

connective tissue consisting of several kinds of cells suspended in a liquid matrix called plasma

A

blood

57
Q

55% of the blood
98% of ____ is water
contains electrolytes

A

plasma

58
Q

contains inorganic salts as dissolved ions

A

electrolytes

59
Q

most abundant plasma proteins

A

albumin

60
Q

influence blood pH and help maintain osmotic balance between blood and interstitial fluid
function in lipid transport, immunity, and blood clotting

A

plasma proteins

61
Q

about 45% of the volume of the blood

A

cellular elements

62
Q

cells in the blood that contain hemoglobin, biconcave in shape

A

red blood cells ( erythrocytes )

63
Q

iron- containing protein that transports the oxygen, each molecule binds to 4 molecules of oxygen

A

hemoglobin

64
Q

in mammals, mature erythrocytes do not have nuclei and mitochondria

A

red blood cells ( erythrocytes )

65
Q

for defense either by phagocytizing bacteria and debris or by mounting immune responses against foreign substances
found both inside and outside of the circulatory system

A

white blood cells ( leukocytes )

66
Q

a type of white blood cell that has small granules inside them, contain proteins

A

granulocytes

67
Q

3 granulocytes

A

basophil
eosinophil
neutrophil

68
Q

> 1% indicates inflammation or allergic reaction
histamine

A

basophil

69
Q

WBC against
parasitic worms
antihistamine

A

eosinophil

70
Q

WBC against
bacteria

A

neutrophil

71
Q

fewer granules, white blood cells that have no distinct granules in their cytoplasm

A

agranulocytes

72
Q

agranulocytes 2 types

A

lymphocyte
monocyte

73
Q

WBC on immune responses

A

lymphocyte

74
Q

macrophages or phagocytes

A

monocyte

75
Q

formed in the bone marrow
came from the cytoplasm of megakaryocytes / myeloid stem cells
cell fragments that are involved in clotting
release thromboplastin and other clotting factors

A

platelets ( thrombocytes )

76
Q

formation of solid clot from liquid blood

A

coagulation

77
Q

cascade of complex reactions converts inactive fibrinogen into fibrin

A

BLOOD CLOTTING

78
Q

blood clot formed within a blood vessel
can block blood flow

A

thrombus

79
Q

thin-walled vessels that would extend to different parts of the body to collect lymph

A

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

80
Q

clear-to-white fluid made of: White blood cells, especially lymphocytesthe cells that attack bacteria in the blood and body tissues.
transfer fat molecules absorbed from the small intestine
trap and remove foreign particles
plays a major role in the body’s defenses

A

lymph

81
Q

together with the _______, they are for production, maintenance, and distribution of lymphocytes

A

thymus gland and bone marrow

ZOOLONE 3 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions