Respiratory System Flashcards
It is a form of respiration in which gas
exchange occurs across the skin or outer integument of the frog rather than the lungs
Cutaneous respiration
Alternative names for summer sleep and winter sleep
aestivation, hibernation
Frogs use both their integumentary system and lungs during summer/winter sleep
False, the skin is the only respiratory organ during summer/winter sleep
Explain the steps in Cutaneous respiration
Oxygen first dissolves in the moisture present over the frog’s body and then diffuses into the blood circulating in the blood capillaries
What are Blood capillaries?
they are tiny blood vessels near the skin’s surface that facilitate the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the frog’s blood and the environment
Where does mouth respiration occur?
It takes place at the buccopharyngeal cavity
What does the buccal cavity consist of?
The buccal cavity consists of a moist mucous membrane and is richly supplied with blood capillaries.
Mouth respiration involves the absorption of oxygen through contraction or expansion of _____ and _____ muscles
sternohyals, petrohyals
How does oxygen enter the body in respiration?
Oxygen dissolves in the moist mucous membrane of the cavity and then diffuses into the blood capillaries
How does carbon dioxide leave the body in respiration?
Similarly, carbon dioxide (CO2) diffuses out into the cavity and is expelled through the nostrils during expiration.
The pair of lungs are the organs of _____
aerial respiration
The lungs are not only the organs of respiration but are also _____ _____ as they enable frog to float in water when they are inflated
hydrostatic organs
The air enters and leaves the lungs through the _____
respiratory tract
Name the 7 parts of the respiratory tract
(1) external nostrils (2) nasal chambers (3) internal nostrils (4) bucco-pharyngeal cavity (5) glottis (6) larynx (7) pair of bronchi
Describe the glottis
median slit-like opening to the lungs
Larynx is a small sac whose walls are supported by _____ and _____ cartilages
2 arytenoid, 1 cricoid
It is a slender ring surrounding the larynx
Cricoid cartilage
They are a pair of semilunar valves,
which rest upon the cricoid cartilage
Arytenoid cartilages
Two types of respiration
Cutaneous Respiration and Pulmonary Respiration
Role of the cartilages in the larynx
They provide the lateral margins of the glottis and provide muscle attachment -allowing it to open and close
A pair of lungs are found in the _____ part of the _____
anterior, body cavity
Describe the lungs
They are ovoid, thin-walled, elastic sacs with
shallow internal folds or septa that increase the
inner surface to form alveoli
What are the chambers or tiny air sacs in the lungs? Their function?
Alveoli, they are responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during respiration
Name of the thin walls that seperate the chambers
The alveoli are seperated by thin walls called septa
What are the two phases of the respiratory mechanism?
Inspiration and Expiration
What occurs during inspiration?
This is when the frog takes in oxygen. During inspiration, the frog opens its external nostrils to let air in, while the glottis (the opening to the trachea or windpipe) is closed to prevent water and debris from entering the respiratory system.
Now the glottis opens and the __________ bones
of lower jaw push the _____ bones of the upper jaw upwards closing the nostrils
Mentomeckelian, premaxillae
What is the position of the sternohyals and petrohyals?
Sternohyals: on the buccal floor, Petrohyals: above buccal cavity
What happens before expiration?
Before expiration, when lungs are filled with air, the glottis closes and the air is kept in the lungs for a short time
Expiration
This is when the frog releases carbon dioxide. During expiration, the frog closes its external nostrils, and the glottis opens, allowing air to exit.
