Respiratory system Flashcards
The process wherein food is broken down in the cells with the help of oxygen to release energy.
Respiration
Simply defined as the physical process of inhalation and exhalation wherein oxygen is obtained and carbon dioxide is expelled
Breathing
Waste product of cells
Carbon dioxide
Gas exchange occurs between the alveoli of the lungs and blood
External respiration
The blood transports the oxygen from the alveoli to the cells and carbon dioxide is transported from the cells to the alveoli.
Transport of respiratory gas
Gas exchange occurs between the blood and cells
Internal respiration
2 types respiratory tracts
upper and lower respiratory tract
It is the first entry of the inhaled air.
Nostrils or nares
lined with mucus that traps microorganisms and other debris in the inhaled air.
vestibule region
First line of defense against foreign invaders that may enter the body.
Vestibule region
It sweeps the trapped foreign particles out.
Cilia
Warms the inhaled air so that is temperature comes close to the normal body temperature.
Respiratory region
3 parts of pharynx
Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
Serves as the common chamber for the inhaled air and ingested food.
Pharynx
A flap of tissue that makes sure that the bolus will go to the food pipe.
Epiglottis
It is also referred to as the voice box.
Larynx
It is surrounded with hyaline cartilage that gives strength and flexibility to the tracheal muscles.
Trachea
It is the entry point of the air to the lungs.
Bronchi
These are the actual site of gas exchange.
Alveoli
A process wherein substances move from an area of high concentration to one of lower concentration.
Diffusion
Sum of all partial pressures
total pressure
General reason why gas exchange occurs.
process of diffusion
Once oxygen is bound to hemoglobin, it is now a complex structure called?
Oxyhemoglobin
Once CO2 is bound to hemoglobin, it it now a complex structure called?
Carbaminohemoglobin
Obtained in the alveoli and delivered by RBCs to the cells
Oxygen
The case that protects the lungs
rib cage
The bone found on the chest at the center
sternum
The bone surrounding the lungs
ribs
The bone found at the dorsal (back) side
vertebrae
The lungs expand to accommodate air with the help of the ___________ located between the bones.
Intercostal muscles
It moves down during inhalation to accommodate the inhaled air.
Diaphragm
The key to gas exchange.
Diffusion
In some vertebrates, diffusion of gases can occur across their skin surfaces.
Cutaneous respiration
For cutaneous respiration to be possible, the _______ should be moist and highly vascularized so that oxygen and carbon dioxide can diffuse easily.
Epidermis
The reddish portion of the fish
Gills
The mechanism where the blood and water flow in the OPPOSITE direction.
countercurrent exchange
The mechanism where the blood and water flow in the SAME direction.
concurrent exchange
For gas exchange to occur, there should be ___________ between two media.
pressure difference
Insects have lungs. True or false?
False
Openings of the abdomen of insects are called?
spiracles
Oxygen from the outside will then go to the largest tubes known as the _______.
trachea
Enlarged portions of the trachea that require a huge oxygen supply in the tracheal system
air sacs
Adapted to suit the needs of the organism.
Respiratory organs
The airways become narrow and swelling is evident.
Asthma
The alveoli in one or both lungs are inflamed and filled with fluid or pus.
Pneumonia
Abnormal growth of lung cells.
Lung cancer
A disease wherein airflow from the lungs is obstructed.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
