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Science - 1st quarterly Biology > Genes > Flashcards

Genes Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The blueprint of life

A

DNA

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2
Q

Twins, even if they look similar, have different DNA. True or False?

A

True

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3
Q

A set of instructions that determine what the organism is like and its appearance, among others.

A

Gene

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4
Q

DNA provide instructions to make molecules called _________.

A

Proteins

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5
Q

These are proteins where DNA is wrapped around.

A

histones

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6
Q

Wrapped DNA molecules

A

Chromosomes

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7
Q

4 bases in DNA held by hydrogen bonds

A

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine

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8
Q

According to him, the percentage of adenine is always almost equal to the percentage of thymine

A

Erwin Chargaff

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9
Q

It makes up a DNA

A

Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, and nucleotide bases

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10
Q

States that adenine always pairs with thymine (A-T) and cytosine always pairs with guanine

A

Chargaff rule

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11
Q

DNA can be extracted using ______________.

A

Household chemicals

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12
Q

________ can be used as the source of DNA.

A

Strawberries

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13
Q

An organism with eight complete sets of chromosomes

A

octoploid

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14
Q

Main factor for the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring is the _______________________.

A

genes that are responsible for coding specific proteins

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15
Q

An Austrian Monk, who discovered inheritance through his experiments with pea plants.

A

Gregor Mendel

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16
Q

States that when a purebred or homozygous dominant trait is crossed with a recessive trait, the result would be the expression of the dominant traits in all resulting offspring.

A

Law of Dominance

17
Q

An alternative form of a gene

A

Allele

18
Q

The place where the allele is located

A

Locus

19
Q

Traits that do not follow Mendel’s are called?

A

Non-Mendelian traits

20
Q

When the homozygous dominant trait is crossed with a recessive trait that is in between the dominant and recessive traits.

A

Incomplete dominance

21
Q

When the two different traits are both present in an individual.

A

Codominance

22
Q

Colorblindness and Hemophilia is an ___________ trait.

A

X-linked recessive

23
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes are in the humans?

A

23

24
Q

If he or she has it in his or her genes but the traits does not reflect on his or her phenotype is a __________.

A

Carrier

25
Q

It is characterized by the inability of the blood to clot.

A

Hemophilia

26
Q

Safe and effective blood transfusion is based on the _____________.

A

antigen-antibody relationship

27
Q

Presence of A antigen

A

Blood type A

28
Q

Presence of B antigen

A

Blood type B

29
Q

Indicates the absence of any antigen.

A

Blood type O

30
Q

What is the 23rd chromosome called?

A

Sex chromosomes

31
Q

Chromosomes from 1-22 are called?

A

Autosomes

32
Q

A compound formed by many simple units connected to each other.

A

Polymer

Science - 1st quarterly Biology (5 decks)

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