Genes Flashcards
The blueprint of life
DNA
Twins, even if they look similar, have different DNA. True or False?
True
A set of instructions that determine what the organism is like and its appearance, among others.
Gene
DNA provide instructions to make molecules called _________.
Proteins
These are proteins where DNA is wrapped around.
histones
Wrapped DNA molecules
Chromosomes
4 bases in DNA held by hydrogen bonds
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine
According to him, the percentage of adenine is always almost equal to the percentage of thymine
Erwin Chargaff
It makes up a DNA
Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, and nucleotide bases
States that adenine always pairs with thymine (A-T) and cytosine always pairs with guanine
Chargaff rule
DNA can be extracted using ______________.
Household chemicals
________ can be used as the source of DNA.
Strawberries
An organism with eight complete sets of chromosomes
octoploid
Main factor for the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring is the _______________________.
genes that are responsible for coding specific proteins
An Austrian Monk, who discovered inheritance through his experiments with pea plants.
Gregor Mendel
States that when a purebred or homozygous dominant trait is crossed with a recessive trait, the result would be the expression of the dominant traits in all resulting offspring.
Law of Dominance
An alternative form of a gene
Allele
The place where the allele is located
Locus
Traits that do not follow Mendel’s are called?
Non-Mendelian traits
When the homozygous dominant trait is crossed with a recessive trait that is in between the dominant and recessive traits.
Incomplete dominance
When the two different traits are both present in an individual.
Codominance
Colorblindness and Hemophilia is an ___________ trait.
X-linked recessive
How many pairs of chromosomes are in the humans?
23
If he or she has it in his or her genes but the traits does not reflect on his or her phenotype is a __________.
Carrier
It is characterized by the inability of the blood to clot.
Hemophilia
Safe and effective blood transfusion is based on the _____________.
antigen-antibody relationship
Presence of A antigen
Blood type A
Presence of B antigen
Blood type B
Indicates the absence of any antigen.
Blood type O
What is the 23rd chromosome called?
Sex chromosomes
Chromosomes from 1-22 are called?
Autosomes
A compound formed by many simple units connected to each other.
Polymer
