Genetic engineering and biotechnology

Question 1

Brings to mind the work of designing and creating large structures such as roads and bridges.

Answer 1

Engineering

Question 2

The process of modifying the genes of selected organisms to create genetically modified organisms.

Answer 2

Genetic engineering

Question 3

An extrachromosomal circular DNA strand in the bacterium’s cytoplasm

Answer 3

Plasmid

Question 4

This bacterium causes crown gall disease in plants

Answer 4

Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Question 5

This bacterium has been chosen because of the lethal protein called the Bt toxin that it produces.

Answer 5

Bacillus thuringiensis

Question 6

Also known as DNA-cutting enzymes because their main roles is to cleave the DNA into fragments on specific recognition sites.

Answer 6

Restriction enzymes

Question 7

Sequences that when spelled backwards is the same as the word when spelled forward.

Answer 7

Palindromes

Question 8

A DNA-joining enzyme because its main role is to ligate or join the two DNA strands.

Answer 8

DNA ligase

Question 9

A natural process where bacteria can take up the genetic material in the environment.

Answer 9

Transformation

Question 10

It is called the __________ if the bacterial host cell ingests a plasmid

Answer 10

Transformed cells

Question 11

Those that take up the recombinant plasmid with the gene of interest.

Answer 11

Recombinant cells

Question 12

Those that ingest a plasmid but without the gene of interest.

Answer 12

Nonrecombinant cells

Question 13

Those that did not take up any plasmid

Answer 13

Nontransformed cells

Question 14

A medium with antibiotic where transformed and non-transformed cells are placed.

Answer 14

Ampicillin

Question 15

Ensures the growth of transformed cells.

Answer 15

The fourth step: Cloning

Question 16

This therapy replaces abnormal genes or creates a beneficial protein

Answer 16

gene therapy

Question 17

Once an organisms genes are modified to become an enhanced version.

Answer 17

Transgenic organisms

Question 18

This kind of bacterium is genetically modified to produce synthetic human insulin.

Answer 18

E. coli

Question 19

Another GM bacteria that produces plastic (polyethylene) and fuel (butanol) as a product of photosynthesis

Answer 19

Cyanobacteria

Question 20

A pest resistant plant that is dangerous to pests but not to humans.

Answer 20

Bt corn

Question 21

An engineered banana to become an edible vaccine against the hepatitis virus.

Answer 21

Banana vaccine

Question 22

Produces high amounts of beta-carotene

Answer 22

Golden rice

Question 23

Not only aesthetically pleasing but also helpful in detecting diseases

Answer 23

Bioluminescent animals

Question 24

Engineered to produce growth hormones.

Answer 24

GM salmon