respiratory system

Question 1

what is the function of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

exchange gas btwn external air and body

Question 2

explain how the pleural membrane and the surfactant keep the lungs from collapsing

Answer 2

the pleural membrane produces a liquid substance called surfactant that allows the lungs to stick to the ribs

Question 3

what could happen if air gets caught between the space between the lungs and thoracic cavity?

Answer 3

the lungs will collapse

Question 4

how does exercise affect respiration rate?

Answer 4

increases the need for energy in body from cellular respiration, increases need for oxygen, increase respiration rate by 25 times

Question 5

explain the process of the path of air when it enters the nose or mouth, until it diffuses into the capillaries

Answer 5

intercostals, diaphragm, nasopharynx, oral pharynx, epiglottis, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, pulmonary capillaries

Question 6

how do the intercostals and diaphragm assist in inhalation and exhalation?

Answer 6

intercostals - contract and pull ribs up Diaphragm - contracts and moves down and pulls air thru body and makes more space in lungs

Question 7

which part of the brain controls respiration rate?

Answer 7

a cluster of cells in the medulla oblongata

Question 8

what signals this part of the brain to increase respiration rate?

Answer 8

brain recognizes increase of carbon dioxide and drop in pH. causes brain to send signals to intercostals and diaphragm to increase respiration

Question 9

whats the normal respiration rate for a healthy adult?

Answer 9

12-24 breaths per minute

Question 10

tidal volume

Answer 10

amt of air that moves in and out of lungs with each breath

Question 11

inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

Answer 11

the amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal tidal volume

Question 12

expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

Answer 12

the volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal resting expiration

Question 13

vital lung capacity

Answer 13

the maximum amount of air you can forcibly exhale from your lungs after fully inhaling

Question 14

residual volume

Answer 14

the volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximum forceful expiration

Question 15

functional residual capacity

Answer 15

the volume remaining in the lungs after a normal, passive exhalation

Question 16

total lung capacity

Answer 16

the volume of air in the lungs upon the maximum effort of inspiration

Question 17

wheezing

Answer 17

obstruction of airways

Question 18

hypoxemia

Answer 18

low oxygen blood level

Question 19

cyanosis

Answer 19

blue color under nail bed and lips

Question 20

sputum

Answer 20

secretion coughed up from lungs

Question 21

nasal discharge

Answer 21

mucus out of nose

Question 22

hiccoughs

Answer 22

repeated spasms of diaphragm

Question 23

hemoptysis

Answer 23

cough up blood

Question 24

clubbing

Answer 24

enlargement of fingers/toes

Question 25

pulse oximetry

Answer 25

determines % of oxygen in RBCs, normal 60-100 bpm

Question 26

chest x-ray

Answer 26

x-ray of chest, normal size and shapes of chest and lung and heart

Question 27

lung auscultation

Answer 27

listening to sounds in respiratory system, normal is soft and low pitch rustling

Question 28

respiration rate

Answer 28

amt of times u inhale and exhale in a minute, normal is 12-24

Question 29

spirometry

Answer 29

measures how much air u can breathe in and out and how fast and ez, normal is FVC greater than 0.70

Question 30

nasal cavity

Answer 30

initial entrance of air

Question 31

pharynx

Answer 31

hollow tube along air/throat

Question 32

larynx

Answer 32

voicebox

Question 33

trachea

Answer 33

windpipe

Question 34

bronchi

Answer 34

tubes that branch from trachea

Question 35

bronchioles

Answer 35

branches of smaller air passageways

Question 36

alveoli

Answer 36

cluster of air sacs

Question 37

lungs

Answer 37

spongy cone shaped and air filled

Question 38

pleura

Answer 38

serous membrane overlying lungs

Question 39

diaphragm

Answer 39

separates thoracic cavity from abdomen