respiratory system Flashcards
what is the function of the respiratory system?
exchange gas btwn external air and body
explain how the pleural membrane and the surfactant keep the lungs from collapsing
the pleural membrane produces a liquid substance called surfactant that allows the lungs to stick to the ribs
what could happen if air gets caught between the space between the lungs and thoracic cavity?
the lungs will collapse
how does exercise affect respiration rate?
increases the need for energy in body from cellular respiration, increases need for oxygen, increase respiration rate by 25 times
explain the process of the path of air when it enters the nose or mouth, until it diffuses into the capillaries
intercostals, diaphragm, nasopharynx, oral pharynx, epiglottis, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, pulmonary capillaries
how do the intercostals and diaphragm assist in inhalation and exhalation?
intercostals - contract and pull ribs up Diaphragm - contracts and moves down and pulls air thru body and makes more space in lungs
which part of the brain controls respiration rate?
a cluster of cells in the medulla oblongata
what signals this part of the brain to increase respiration rate?
brain recognizes increase of carbon dioxide and drop in pH. causes brain to send signals to intercostals and diaphragm to increase respiration
whats the normal respiration rate for a healthy adult?
12-24 breaths per minute
tidal volume
amt of air that moves in and out of lungs with each breath
inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
the amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal tidal volume
expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
the volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal resting expiration
vital lung capacity
the maximum amount of air you can forcibly exhale from your lungs after fully inhaling
residual volume
the volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximum forceful expiration
functional residual capacity
the volume remaining in the lungs after a normal, passive exhalation
total lung capacity
the volume of air in the lungs upon the maximum effort of inspiration
wheezing
obstruction of airways
hypoxemia
low oxygen blood level
cyanosis
blue color under nail bed and lips
sputum
secretion coughed up from lungs
nasal discharge
mucus out of nose
hiccoughs
repeated spasms of diaphragm
hemoptysis
cough up blood
clubbing
enlargement of fingers/toes
pulse oximetry
determines % of oxygen in RBCs, normal 60-100 bpm
chest x-ray
x-ray of chest, normal size and shapes of chest and lung and heart
lung auscultation
listening to sounds in respiratory system, normal is soft and low pitch rustling
respiration rate
amt of times u inhale and exhale in a minute, normal is 12-24
spirometry
measures how much air u can breathe in and out and how fast and ez, normal is FVC greater than 0.70
nasal cavity
initial entrance of air
pharynx
hollow tube along air/throat
larynx
voicebox
trachea
windpipe
bronchi
tubes that branch from trachea
bronchioles
branches of smaller air passageways
alveoli
cluster of air sacs
lungs
spongy cone shaped and air filled
pleura
serous membrane overlying lungs
diaphragm
separates thoracic cavity from abdomen
