integumentary system

Question 1

what organs make up the integumentary system?

Answer 1

skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands

Question 2

what percent of body weight is skin?

Answer 2

12-15%

Question 3

what are functions of skin?

Answer 3

1st barrier against infection and disease, and prevents fluid loss from organs

Question 4

what are the functions of the integumentary system?

Answer 4

maintain internal temp (sweating and shivering), excrete excess fluid and waste, receive stimuli for pressure, pain, heat, and cold, produce and secrete melanin and vitamin D, protect body from infection, maintain fluid balance

Question 5

what are the 3 main layers of skin?

Answer 5

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

Question 6

what are the layers of the strata in the dermis?

Answer 6

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

Question 7

what cells make up the epidermis?

Answer 7

melanocytes, keratinocytes, merkel’s cells, langerhans’ cells

Question 8

what is the function of melanocytes?

Answer 8

produce melanin

Question 9

what is the function of keratinocytes?

Answer 9

produce keratin (makes up hair and nails)

Question 10

what is the function of merkel’s cells?

Answer 10

feel touch

Question 11

what is the function of langerhans’ cells?

Answer 11

cells that form immunity

Question 12

since the epidermis is avascular, how does it get its nutrients?

Answer 12

get it when basement membrane of dermis diffuse below it

Question 13

what is the function of the stratum basale?

Answer 13

single layer of cells on basement membrane of dermis that divide and push up towards surface of skin

Question 14

what is the function of the stratum spinosum?

Answer 14

spiny cells pushed out of stratum basale that lock together to form a support layer

Question 15

what is the function of the stratum granulosum?

Answer 15

living cells w/o nutrients that produce keratin and die. the keratin protein makes up most of dead cells in next two layers

Question 16

what is the function of the stratum lucidum?

Answer 16

dead keratinized cells found in thick skin areas (souls of feet) not thin

Question 17

what is the function of the stratum corneum?

Answer 17

outer layer we can see made out of dead keratinized cells. tightly bound together, and keratin protects underlying cells from fluid loss while keeping skin elastic. does desquamation

Question 18

what is desquamation?

Answer 18

when cells of stratum corneum are sloughed off and cells from epidermis shed every 35-45 days, so then you have new skin every month and a half

Question 19

what types of proteins make up the dermis?

Answer 19

collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers

Question 20

what structures can be found embedded in the dermis?

Answer 20

blood vessels, glands, hair follicles, and nerves

Question 21

what is the function of sweat glands?

Answer 21

assist body in temp control

Question 22

what is the function of sebaceous glands?

Answer 22

produce oils that keep outer layer of skin and hair moisturized

Question 23

what are hair and nails made of?

Answer 23

highly keratinized epithelial cells

Question 24

what is a skin biopsy, and what does it diagnose?

Answer 24

skin is removed and examined microscopically, diagnoses cancer or abnormal skin growth

Question 25

what is a patch test, and what does it diagnose?

Answer 25

allergens are applied to skin to see what you are allergic to, diagnoses allergies leading to skin disorders

Question 26

what is a skin culture, and what does it diagnose?

Answer 26

take sample of skin and let it grow, diagnoses bacterial, fungal, or viral infection