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med > cardio > Flashcards

cardio Flashcards

1
Q

how do the heart, blood, and blood vessels work together to perform the function of the cardiovascular system?

A

carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste products, and medications to and from organs, tissues, and cells

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2
Q

what r arteries

A

blood vessels travel in one direction thru arteries (red)

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3
Q

what are arterioles

A

smaller branches of blood vessels

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4
Q

what are veins

A

groupings of venuoles (blue)

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5
Q

what r venuoles

A

small veins

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6
Q

y can substances diffuse thru cappilaries

A

cos theyr thin

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7
Q

how much blood does a healthy adult body have

A

5 liters

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8
Q

what is the function of RBCs

A

carry oxygen and carbon dioxide btwn lungs and cells of body

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9
Q

function of WBCs

A

immunity

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10
Q

platelets function

A

stop bleeding when blood vessel is dmged

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11
Q

y is the heart important

A

pumps blood

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12
Q

what is cardiac conduction

A

how the heart creates electric impulses

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13
Q

what r the chambers of the heart

A

right and left atrium, right and left ventricle

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14
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

blood is pumped from heart to lungs thru pulmonary arteries where it pucks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. then the blood returns to the heart thru pulmonary veins

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15
Q

systemic circulation

A

blood is pumped from heart thru arteries to rest of body and returns to heart thru veins

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16
Q

coronary circulation

A

arteries and veins connected to the aorta provide blood to actual heart muscle

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17
Q

pulse and heart rate tests

A

used in all physical exams to see if hr is normal and regular

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18
Q

echocardiogram

A

ultrasound of heart is taken to show detailed img of heart and valves

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19
Q

EKG or ECG electrocardiography

A

a test that measures the records and electrical activity or heart using electrodes. used to determine if HR is normal (arrhythmia)

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20
Q

cardiac catherization aka coronary angiogram

A

places catheter thru blood vessel in arm or leg to the heart. dye is injected and x-ray views heart to see coronary arteries r blocked, valves r not opening/closing, and if chambers r contracting sufficiently

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21
Q

Blood pressure test

A

sphygmomanometer measueres pt bp. HBP can lead to hearrt disease and is an important measure of stress on heart

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22
Q

normal pulse and HR

A

60-100 bpm

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23
Q

normal echocardiogram

A

55-65%

24
Q

normal blood pressure

A

120/80

25
Q

what r u hearing when u listen to a heartbeat

A

valves opening and closing

26
Q

what is pulse

A

extension of heartbeat as blood is pumped in blood thru arteries

27
Q

how is pulse felt at different parts of body

A

close to heart and larger

28
Q

which pulse is strongest?

A

carotid

29
Q

which pulse is weakest

A

dorsalis pedis

30
Q

what type of cell is most abundant in blood tissue

A

RBC

31
Q

what is purpose of intercalated discs in cardiac muscle

A

hold cells together w/ strong adhesion

32
Q

how is cellular structure of arteries vs veins different

A

artery walls thicker and have more smooth elastic tissue

33
Q

what is BP

A

force creaed by pulse of blood flowing thru artery

34
Q

y is HBP bad

A

heart is working too hard and can fail

35
Q

whats hematocrit

A

% of blood made out of RBCs

36
Q

how is hematocrit used to diagnose health problem

A

see if too much or little RBCs in oxygen

37
Q

what is liquid part of blood called?

A

plasma

38
Q

what % of plasma is water?

A

90%

39
Q

where r blood cells created?

A

bone marrow

40
Q

what r platelets

A

weird shaped cells in blood

41
Q

what do platelets dos

A

stop blood loss with scab

42
Q

how do platelets form a scab

A

exposed to air, react with fibrinogen and break apart to make fibrin, which forms web and stops blood form flowing thru, layer dries and hardens into scab

43
Q

what r RBCs

A

circulate 20-30 million times

44
Q

what is funciton of RBCs

A

circulate

45
Q

what is hemoglobin

A

iron creating protein

46
Q

y is hemoglobin important

A

transports oxygen molecules nad gives rbcs their color

47
Q

what r WBCs

A

cells responsible for immunity

48
Q

function of WBCs

A

immunity

49
Q

what r granulocytes

A

wbcs with granules in the cytoplasm

50
Q

what are agranulocytes

A

wbcs without granules in the cytoplasm

51
Q

what type of RBC is mostly in blood sample

A

neutrophil

52
Q

how much rbc and wbc r in a single drop of human blood

A

4.5-5 mil rbc and 8000 wbc

53
Q

what is anemia

A

decrease in RBCs and lack of oxygen

54
Q

anemia symptoms

A

fatigue headache pale SOB and fainting

55
Q

what is complete blood cell count

A

procedure that shows number of rbcs and wbcs in blood

56
Q

how does hemocytometer help perform blood cell count

A

put blood on the surface with a grid, and count then estimate how much in the body

57
Q

what r some solutes in blood

A

potassium, sodium, calcium

med (6 decks)

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