cardio Flashcards
how do the heart, blood, and blood vessels work together to perform the function of the cardiovascular system?
carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste products, and medications to and from organs, tissues, and cells
what r arteries
blood vessels travel in one direction thru arteries (red)
what are arterioles
smaller branches of blood vessels
what are veins
groupings of venuoles (blue)
what r venuoles
small veins
y can substances diffuse thru cappilaries
cos theyr thin
how much blood does a healthy adult body have
5 liters
what is the function of RBCs
carry oxygen and carbon dioxide btwn lungs and cells of body
function of WBCs
immunity
platelets function
stop bleeding when blood vessel is dmged
y is the heart important
pumps blood
what is cardiac conduction
how the heart creates electric impulses
what r the chambers of the heart
right and left atrium, right and left ventricle
pulmonary circulation
blood is pumped from heart to lungs thru pulmonary arteries where it pucks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. then the blood returns to the heart thru pulmonary veins
systemic circulation
blood is pumped from heart thru arteries to rest of body and returns to heart thru veins
coronary circulation
arteries and veins connected to the aorta provide blood to actual heart muscle
pulse and heart rate tests
used in all physical exams to see if hr is normal and regular
echocardiogram
ultrasound of heart is taken to show detailed img of heart and valves
EKG or ECG electrocardiography
a test that measures the records and electrical activity or heart using electrodes. used to determine if HR is normal (arrhythmia)
cardiac catherization aka coronary angiogram
places catheter thru blood vessel in arm or leg to the heart. dye is injected and x-ray views heart to see coronary arteries r blocked, valves r not opening/closing, and if chambers r contracting sufficiently
Blood pressure test
sphygmomanometer measueres pt bp. HBP can lead to hearrt disease and is an important measure of stress on heart
normal pulse and HR
60-100 bpm
normal echocardiogram
55-65%
normal blood pressure
120/80
what r u hearing when u listen to a heartbeat
valves opening and closing
what is pulse
extension of heartbeat as blood is pumped in blood thru arteries
how is pulse felt at different parts of body
close to heart and larger
which pulse is strongest?
carotid
which pulse is weakest
dorsalis pedis
what type of cell is most abundant in blood tissue
RBC
what is purpose of intercalated discs in cardiac muscle
hold cells together w/ strong adhesion
how is cellular structure of arteries vs veins different
artery walls thicker and have more smooth elastic tissue
what is BP
force creaed by pulse of blood flowing thru artery
y is HBP bad
heart is working too hard and can fail
whats hematocrit
% of blood made out of RBCs
how is hematocrit used to diagnose health problem
see if too much or little RBCs in oxygen
what is liquid part of blood called?
plasma
what % of plasma is water?
90%
where r blood cells created?
bone marrow
what r platelets
weird shaped cells in blood
what do platelets dos
stop blood loss with scab
how do platelets form a scab
exposed to air, react with fibrinogen and break apart to make fibrin, which forms web and stops blood form flowing thru, layer dries and hardens into scab
what r RBCs
circulate 20-30 million times
what is funciton of RBCs
circulate
what is hemoglobin
iron creating protein
y is hemoglobin important
transports oxygen molecules nad gives rbcs their color
what r WBCs
cells responsible for immunity
function of WBCs
immunity
what r granulocytes
wbcs with granules in the cytoplasm
what are agranulocytes
wbcs without granules in the cytoplasm
what type of RBC is mostly in blood sample
neutrophil
how much rbc and wbc r in a single drop of human blood
4.5-5 mil rbc and 8000 wbc
what is anemia
decrease in RBCs and lack of oxygen
anemia symptoms
fatigue headache pale SOB and fainting
what is complete blood cell count
procedure that shows number of rbcs and wbcs in blood
how does hemocytometer help perform blood cell count
put blood on the surface with a grid, and count then estimate how much in the body
what r some solutes in blood
potassium, sodium, calcium
