respiratory system Flashcards
what are the major functions of respiration?
gas exchange
communication
olfaction
acid-base balance
blood and lymph flow
what is inspiration?
quiet breathing - dimensions of thoracic cage only increase a few mm,
what is expiration?
forced breathing, accessory muscles raise
what is resistance influenced by?
diameter of bronchioles, pulmonary compliance
what is a spirometer?
device that recaptures expired breath and records rate and depth of breath, speed of expiration, and rate of oxygen consumption
what is the tidal volume?
volume inhaled and exhaled in one cycle of breathing
what is the inspiratory reserve volume?
air in excess of tidal volume inhaled with max effort
what is the expiratory reserve volume?
excess of tidal volume that can be exhaled with max effort
what is the vital capacity?
total air that can be inhaled then exhaled with max effort
what is the inspiratory capacity
max amount of air inhaled after normal tidal expiration
what is functional residual capacity
amount of air remaining after normal tidal expiration
where is the highest PP of O2
inspired air.
what is alveolar gas exchange?
swapping O2 and CO2 across respiratory membrane
what affects the efficiency of alveolar gas exchange
pressure gradient of gases, solubility of gases, membrane surface area, membrane thickness, ventilation-perfusion coupling
what is gas transport?
process of carrying gases from alveoli to systemic tissues.
