reproduction Flashcards
what is the codes for development of male anatomy?
SRY codes for TDF and that initiates the development of male anatomy
which tubule produces sperm?
seminiferous tubule
which place has blood vessels in the testes?
this is the spermatic cord.
what is the lutenizing hormone in men?
stimulates interstitual in the testes to produce testosterone.
what does the follicle-stimulating hormone do in men?
stimulates sustentacular cells to secrete androgen binding protein, binds testosterone keeping in seminiferous tuble to stimulate spermatogenesis
what would happen to the hormones of a castrated animal?
increase in LH and FSH since there is now no regulation
what is the production rate of sperm?
200 million/day
what is the temperature optimal for sperm?
2-3 degrees lower than the body temp
where do sperm mature?
epididymis
what are type A spermatogonium
this is a stem cell precursor that divides into type B sperm,
what are type B spermatogonium?
these grow and become primary spermocytes
what is an acrosome?
this is the enzyme cap that penetrates the egg
what is spermiogenesis?
this is where the sperm discards excess cytoplasm and grows a tail,
how is puberty triggered in females
increased GnRH stimulating anterior pituitary to secrete FSH and LH
what is oogenesis?
this is egg production producing haploid gametes by meiosis occurring once a month
what is atresia?
this is when oocytes degenerate at birth.
what are oogonia
these are the precursors of oocytes.
how many times will someone ovulate in their life?
480 times
how many oocytes/follicles are developed into secondary oocytes per month?
~24 oocytes and follicles
how many days in total does it take to get to ovulation?
290:
primordial follicle (140 days before) -> secondary (170 days before) -> tertiary (60 days before) -> ovulation -> corpus luteum
what are the theca folliculi?
secrete androgens that are absorbed by the granulosa cells inside the follicles to form estrogen.
what is ovarian cycle?
maturing follicle secretes estradiol -> estradiol stimulates hypothalamus and anterior pituitary -> hypo secretes GnRH -> GnRH and estradiol stimulate pituitary to secrete LH and FSH -> oocyte completes meiosis I; follicle rapidly enlarges then ovulates
what is spermatogenesis
when sperm divide by mitosis, into either type A spermatogonium or type B spermatogonium:
A -> B -> primary -> secondary -> spermatids -> spermatozoa.
what is the composition and function of semen?
Water, mucous (lubricant), buffers (neutralize acids), nutrients (fructose and other sugars), prostaglandins (smooth muscle contractions)
what is the pathway of sperm?
testes -> epididymis \
prostate ->
cowper’s gland -> vas deferens -> urethra
seminal vesicle /
which hormones are the strongest in pregnancy?
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin), estrogen, progesterone, human chorionic somatomammotropin.
where are most hormones coming from during pregnancy?
placenta
where does hGC come from?
blastocyst and placenta
where does progesterone come from?
placenta and corpus luteum
what are the factors of uterine contractility
- progesterone and estradiol balance
- oxytocin
- conceptus may produce chemical stimuli promoting its own birth.
- uterine stretching
what is lactation controlled by?
prolactin (production and secretion) and oxytocin (ejection reflex)
what is colostrum?
contains less fat than regular breast milk, and contains IgA to protect the baby from gastroenteritis.
