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1051 > lymphatic and blood > Flashcards

lymphatic and blood Flashcards

1
Q

what is the main groups of blood?

A

ABO and Rh

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2
Q

what are platelets?

A

very abundant fragments from megakaryocytes which contain granules allowing blood clotting or hemostasis

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3
Q

what is hemostasis?

A

cessation of bleeding

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4
Q

what are hemostatic mechanisms?

A

vascular spasm (vasoconstriction)
platelet plug formation
blood clotting

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5
Q

what is a coagulation cascade?

A

extrinsic: initiated by clotting factors from damaged blood vessels
intrinsic: initiated by clotting factor in the blood

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6
Q

what is hemopoiesis?

A

production of all formed elements

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7
Q

What is polycythemia?

A

high RBC count

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8
Q

what stimulates production of RBCs

A

erythropoeitin

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9
Q

what are external barriers?

A

skin and outside body barriers to pathogens

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10
Q

what is non-specific immunity?

A

protective proteins (interferons, complement proteins)
protective cells (neutrophils and macrophages)
protective processes (fever and inflammation)

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11
Q

what is adaptive immunity?

A

when the body has a memory of the pathogen?

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12
Q

what is an innate response?

A

rapid response with limited specificity

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13
Q

what is adaptive response?

A

slow response but extremely selective

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14
Q

what is innate immunity?

A

pathogen recognition
recruitment of destructive effector mechanisms
inflammation

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15
Q

what are antimicrobial proteins?

A

interferons and complement pathways

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16
Q

what does opsonization mean?

A

this is done by complement pathways that “flag for destruction”

17
Q

what is adaptive immunity?

A

characteristics: specificity and memory
classes: natural active (produces own antibodies through exposure), artificial active immunity (vaccinations), natural passive immunity (acquiring antibodies from another person), artificial passive (temporary immunity from serum)

18
Q

what do T cells do?

A

very specific and have antigen binding spots so that they can kill or aid in immunity?

19
Q

what is a cytotoxic T cell?

A

kills cells infected with intercellular pathogens

20
Q

what are helper T cells?

A

secretes cytokines and activates other immune cells

21
Q

what are antibodies?

A

bind to pathogens to cause inactivation or destruction.

22
Q

what is the primary response of adaptive immunity?

A

right after first exposure to antigen, appearance of naive B cells that become plasma cells or memory B cells

23
Q

what is the secondary response of adaptive immunity?

A

quick antibody response upon re-exposure to the same antigen via memory B cells (vaccinations)

1051 (10 decks)

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