Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pe Year 1 Section A > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pathway of air

A

Nose->Pharynx->Larynx->Trachea->bronchi->bronchiolrs->alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the function of alveoli

A

Responsible for exchange of gases between lungs & blood. Occurs via diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define gaseous exchange

A

Movement of O2 from air into blood and CO2 from blood to air

Movement of gases from high pp to low pp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the characteristics of Alveoli

A

–Walls are 1 cell thick- short diffusion pathway
– Big surface area- millions in each lung, allows for greater uptake of O2
–Good blood supply- due to capillary network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where will air move

A

From area of high PP to low PP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happens if there’s a greater difference in pressure

A

The air will flow faster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When do we inspire

A

When pressure is lower in lungs than in atmostphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When do we expire

A

When air pressure is higher in lungs than in atmostphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the relationship between thoracic cavity (chest cavity) and pressure of air in lungs

A

^ volume of thoracic cavity will decrease the pressure of air in the lungs
Vice versa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What muscles are used during inspiration at rest

A

–Diaphragm
–External intercostals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What muscles are being used during inspiration during exercise

A

–Diaphragm
–External intercostals
–Pectoralis major
–Scalenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What muscles are used during expiration at rest

A

Passive: Diaphragm and external intercostals just relax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What muscles are used during expiration during exercise

A

–Internal intercostals
–Abdominals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define tidal volume

A

Volume of air breathed in or out per breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

A

Volume of air that can be forcibly inspired after a normal breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

A

Volume of air that can be forcibly expired after a normal breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define residual volume

A

Volume air that remains in lungs after maximum expiration

18
Q

Define minute ventilation

A

Volume of air breathed in or out per minute

19
Q

How does tidal volume change during exercise

A

It increases

20
Q

How does IRV change during exercise

A

Decreases

21
Q

How does ERV change during exercise

A

Slight decrease

22
Q

How does residual volume change during exercise

A

Remains the same

23
Q

How does minute ventilation change during exercise

A

Big increase

24
Q

What is gaseous change concerned with

A

–Getting O2 in air into lungs so that it can diffuse into blood and be transported to cells in the body
–Removal of CO2 from blood

25
Q

Define concentration gradient

A

Explains how gases flow from area with high PP to low PP. Steeper the gradient, the faster diffusion occurs.

Difference in PP

26
Q

Why is PPO2 in alveoli higher than PPCO2 in capillary blood vessels

A

O2 has been removed by working muscles so it’s concentration in blood is lower therefore so is its PP. Difference is concentration gradient

27
Q

What is the diffusion pathway of O2

A

Alveoli-> blood-> muscles

28
Q

What is the diffusion pathway of CO2

A

Muscles->blood->alveoli

29
Q

Explain gaseous exchange at the muscles for O2

A

–PPO2 has to be lower at tissues than in blood for diffusion to occur. The decrease in PP allows O2 to diffuse from blood into muscle until equilibrium is reached

30
Q

Explain gaseous exchange at muscles for CO2

A

PPCO2 on blood is lower than in tissues, so diffusion occurs and CO2 moves into blood to be transported to the lungs

31
Q

Define pulmonary ventilation

A

Breathing

32
Q

What 3 factors affect pulmonary ventilation

A

–Neural control
–Chemical control
– Hormonal control

33
Q

What is the respiratory centre

A

–Located in medulla oblongata of brain- controls rate and depth of breathing
– ^ PPCO2 in blood simulates respiratory centre to ^ respiratory rate

34
Q

What are the 2 areas of the respiratory centre

A

–Inspiratory centre
–Expiratory centre

35
Q

How does Neural And Chemical control relate pulmonary ventilation

A

When blood acidity is high, brain is informed and it sends impulse through nervous system to increase breathing

36
Q

What does the inspiratory centre do

A

Sends out nerve impulses via the phrenic nerve to inspiratory muscles causing them to contract

37
Q

Memory tool of order of neural/ chemical control for inspiration

A

Receptors-> medulla-> phrenic nerve-> Diaphragm and external intercostals

38
Q

Memory tool of order of neural/ chemical control for expiration

A

Receptors->medulla->intercostal nerve->abdominal and internal intercostals

39
Q

What are the other factors affecting neural control of breathing

A

–Proprioceptors- detect movement and provide feedback to respiratory centre to ^ BR during exercise
–Baroreceptors- decrease in blood pressure in aorta results in ^in BR

40
Q

How does hormonal regulation affect

A

Just before we start exercise, brain sends impulses to renal glands, which responds by pumping adrenaline into blood in anticipationof ^need for O2 & CO2. As a result BR increases in preparation for exercise and the demand to take on more O2 and remove more CO2

Pe Year 1 Section A (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions