Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pe Year 1 Section A > Cardio Vascular System > Flashcards

Cardio Vascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Define Chemoreceptors

A

Defect ^ in CO2 which will stimulate the sympathetic NS so heart beats faster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define barorecptors

A

Detect ^ in blood pressure, sends signal to medulla to decrease HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define proprioceptors

A

Detect ^ in muscle movement, sends impulse to medulla, then sends impulse through symp NS to SAN to ^ HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the Neural control mechanism

A

Involves symp & para NS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the NS made up of

A

CNS- brain and spinal cord

Peripheral NS- Nerve cell which transmit info to & from CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the sympathetic nerve do

A

Send impulse to SAN, to ^ HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the hormonal control mechanism

A

Adrenaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define adrenaline

A

Stress hormone released by symp and cardiac nerves during exercise to ^ HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does adrenaline ^ HR

A

Simulates SAN -> ^ speed & force of contraction of heart -> ^CO2 -> ^blood pumped to muscles -> ^O2 for energy for muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the pathway of the cardiac conduction system

A

SAN -> Atrial systole ->AVN ->Bundle of his-> Purkinje fibres -> Ventricular systole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define systole

A

When heart contracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define bundle of his

A

Collection of heart muscle cells that transmit electrical impulses from AVN via the bundle branches to ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define purkinje fibres

A

Muscles fibres that conduct impulses in walls of ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define stroke volume

A

Volume of blood pumped out by ventricles in each contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does SV depend on

A

Venous return
Elasticity of cardiac fibres
The contractility of cardiac tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is elasticity of cardiac fibres

A

Degree of stretch of cardiac tissue during diastole phase of cardiac cycle.
More they stretch, greater the force of contraction leading to ^ EjF–Starlings law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define diastole phase

A

When heart relaxes to fill with blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Define ejection fraction

A

% of blood pumped out by left ventricle per beat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Starling’s law

A

^Venous return-> ^diastolic filling of heart-> Cardiac muscle stretched-> ^force of contraction-> ^EjF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How does contractility of cardiac tissue affect SV

A

^ contractility -> ^force of contraction-> ^ SV&EjF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Define Cardiac output

A

Volume of blood pumped out by ventricles per minute
Q=SV x HR
Increase in one, ^in Q

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

HR range in response to exercise

A

Regular aerobic exercise= cardiac hypertrophy-> ^SV-> heart doesn’t need to beatbas much-> lower resting HR, maybe bradycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cardiac output in response to exercise

A

During exercise, large ^in Q due to ^HR&SV
Q^ as intensity ^ until max is reached

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

SV in response to exercise

A

SV ^ as intensity^ only up to 40-60% of max until plateau as ventricles don’t have as much time to fill up blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Define stroke

A

When blood supply to brain is cut off

26
Q

Define Ischaemic

A

Occurs when a blood clot stops blood supply

27
Q

Define Haemorrhagic

A

Occurs when weakened blood vessel supplying the brain bursts

28
Q

What do the coronary arteries do

A

Supply heart with oxygenated blood

29
Q

What is Coronary heart disease

A

Occurs when Coronary arteries become blocked by atheroma due to atherosclerosis

30
Q

Define blood pressure

A

Force exerted by blood against blood vessel wall, puts extra strain on arteries and HR

31
Q

How does high BP affect health

A

Lowers systolic and diastolic pressure

32
Q

What are the 2 types of cholestrol

A

Low density lipoprotein
High density lipoprotein

33
Q

What is impact of exercise on cholesterol

A

Decrease in LDL
Increase in HDL

34
Q

Define CV drift

A

A progressive decrease in SV & arterial blood pressure but a progressive ^ in HR

35
Q

How do you minimise CV drift

A

Maintain high fluid consumption before and during exercise

36
Q

When does CV drift occur

A

HR^ ->SV decreases due to fluid loss as sweat-> decrease in plasma volume-> decrease in VR-> ^ Q due to more energy to cool body down

37
Q

Define venous return

A

Return of blood to right side of heart via vena cava

38
Q

What are the venous return mechanisms

A

–Skeletal pump
–Respiratory pump
–Pocket Valves
–Gravity
– Thin layer of small muscle in walls of vein

39
Q

What is the skeletal pump

A

Muscles press on nearby veins & cause a pumping effect & squeeze blood towards heart

40
Q

What is respiratory pump

A

When muscles contract & relax during ins and expiration, pressure changes occur in chest & abdominal cavities. These changes in pressure compress the nearby veins & assist blood return to heart

41
Q

What are pocket valves

A

Valves ensure blood flow in 1 direction, once blood passes through valves, the valves close

42
Q

How does gravity help venous return

A

Helps blood return to heart from upper body

43
Q

What is the impact of blood pressure on venous return

A

When systolic blood pressure ^, venous return^

44
Q

What is the importance of venous return during exercise

A

–Ensure muscles are receiving enough O2 to meet demands

45
Q

Define haemoglobin

A

Found in red blood cells, combine with O2 to form oxyhaemoglobin

46
Q

Define myoglobin

A

Stores O2 in muscle fibres such can be used quickly when exercise begins
Muscle haemoglobin

47
Q

Define mitochondria

A

Powerhouse of cell as respiration and energy production occurs there

48
Q

What is the transportation of O2 during exercise

A

–O2 diffuses into capillaries supplying skeletal muscles
–When fully saturated, haemoglobin carries 4 O2. Occurs when PP of O2 in blood is high
–At tissues, O2 released from OHaem due to lower pressure of O2, the release of O2 called OHaem dissociation
–In muscle, O2 is stored by myoglobin

49
Q

Define oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve

A

Shows relationship between O2 and haemoglobin

50
Q

What is relationship between O2 and haemoglobin at lungs

A

Haemoglobin is almost completely saturated with O2

51
Q

What is relationship between O2 and haemoglobin at muscle tissues

A

The PPb of O2 is lower, therefore haemoglobin gives up some of it’s O2 to the tissues

52
Q

Define Bohr shift

A

When an ^ in blood CO2 & and a decrease in pH results in a decrease of the affinity of haemoglobin for O2

53
Q

How does the bohr shift affect relationship between O2 and haemoglobin at tissues

A

There a low PPO2 & high PPCO2 therefore haemoglobin unloads at this point, meaning more O2 is available to the tissues

54
Q

Why does the bohr shift occur during exercise

A

As when muscles require more O2, the disassociation of O2 from haemoglobin in blood capillaries to the muscle tissue occurs more readily

55
Q

What are the factors affecting the dissociation of O2

A

– ^ in blood temperature
–PPCO2 ^
–pH

56
Q

How does increase in body temp affect the dissociation of O2

A

When blood and muscle temp ^ during exercise, O2 will dissociate from haemoglobin more readily

57
Q

How does an increase in PPCO2 affect the dissociation of O2

A

As level of blood CO2 rises during exercise, O2 will dissociate faster from haemoglobin

58
Q

How does pH affect the dissociation of O2

A

More CO2 will decrease pH in blood which causes O2 to dissociate from haemoglobin more quickly

59
Q

Why is redistribution of blood important

A

– Increase supply of O2 to working muscles
–Removes wate products from muscles
– Ensure more blood goes to skin to regulates body temp through sweating
–Direct more blood to heart as it requires extra O2 during exercise

60
Q

Define A-VO2 difference

A

Difference between O2 content of arterial blood arriving at muscles & venous blood leaving the muscles

61
Q

What is A-VO2 diff at rest

A

Is low as not much O2 is required at muscles

62
Q

What is A-VO2 diff during exercise

A

High

Pe Year 1 Section A (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions