Respiratory System

Question 1

Respiratory system
Upper

Answer 1

Nose, nasal cavity, mouth, pharynx, and larynx

Question 2

Respiratory system
Lower

Answer 2

Trachea, lungs, and bronchial tree

Question 3

Respiratory system

Answer 3

Can be categorized as part of the airway, lungs, or the respiratory muscles

Question 4

Airway

Answer 4

-Includes the nose, nasal cavity, mouth, pharynx (throat), larynx (voicebox), trachea (windpipe), bronchi, and bronchial network
-the airway is line with cilia that trap microbes and debris and sweep them back toward the mouth

Question 5

Lungs

Answer 5

-structures that house the bronchi and bronchial network, which extend into the lungs and terminate at millions of alveoli (air sacs)
-the walls of the alveoli are only one cell thick, allowing for the exchange of gases with the blood capillaries that surround them
-the right lung has three lobes
-the left lung only has two lobes, leaving room for the heart on the left side of the body
-the lungs are surrounded by a pleural membrane, which reduces friction between surfaces when breathing the respiratory muscles including the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles the diaphragm is a dome shaped muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavity
-the intercoastal muscles are located between the ribs

Question 6

Question 7

Functions of the Respiratory System

Answer 7

-Supply the body with oxygen and rid the body of carbon dioxide
-this exchange of gases occurs in millions of tiny alveoli which are surrounded by blood capillaries
-the respiratory system also filters air—air is warmed, moistened, and filtered as it passes through the nasal passages before it reaches the lungs
-the respiratory system is responsible for speech, as air passes through the throat it moves through the larynx (voice box) which vibrates and produces sound before it enters the trachea (windpipe)
-the respiratory system is vital in cough production
-foreign particles entering the nasal passages or airways are expelled from the body by the respiratory system -the respiratory system functions in the sense of smell
-chemoreceptors that are located in the nasal cavity respond to airborne chemicals
-the respiratory system also helps the body maintain acid–base homeostasis
-hyperventilation can increase blood pH during acidosis (low pH)
-slowing breathing during alkalosis (high pH) helps lower blood pH

Question 8

Acidosis

Answer 8

Low pH

Question 9

Alkalosis

Answer 9

High pH

Question 10

Breathing process

Answer 10

-The diaphragm and the intercostal muscles contract to expand the lungs
-during inspiration or inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and moves down, increasing the size of the chest cavity
-the intercostal muscles contract and the ribs expand, increasing the size of the chest cavity
-as the volume of the chest cavity increases, the pressure inside of the chest cavity decreases
-because the outside air is under a greater amount of pressure than the air inside the lungs, air rushes into the lungs
-when the diaphram and intercostal muscles relax, the size of the chest cavity decreases, forcing air out of the lungs (expiration or exhalation)
-the breathing process is controlled by a portion of the brain stem called the medulla oblongata
-the medulla oblongata monitors the level of carbon dioxide in the blood and signals the breathing rate to increase when these levels are too high

Question 11