Respiratory System Flashcards
what is CELLULAR RESPIRATION?
a chemical process where the body breaks down the oxygen so that the body cells can use it
what is BREATHING?
a physical process.
STAGE 1: air goes in & out of the system
STAGE 2: absorb oxygen & release CO2
what is GAS EXCHANGE?
when O2 enters the body and CO2 leaves
what are the requirements for BREATHING in SIMPLE ORGANISMS?
- a RESPIRATORY SURFACE big enough so that the exchange of O2 and CO2 occurs at needed speed
- must occur in a MOIST environment
what do SIMPLE ORGANISMS mostly rely on in respiration?
diffusion and the circulatory system
what are the requirements for respiration in SPECIALISED SYSTEMS?
- MOIST SURFACE
- PASSAGEWAY to connect the respiratory surface to external environment
- need a RESPIRATORY MEDIUM
how does SKIN RESPIRATION work?
tiny capillaries make contact with the surface
how to fish respirate?
they VENTILATE by moving O2-containing water across their gills
where are the LUNGS LOCATED?
in the THORACIC cavity
describe the pathway air goes through
- air enters through the NOSTRILS & NASOPHARYNX
- air passes through PHARYNX, GLOTTIS & LARYNX.
- the TRACHEA branches in smaller passageways called BRONCHI, which subdivide in BRONCHIOLES & end with ALVEOLI
what is the PHARYNX?
it connects mouth & nasal cavity to the ESOPHAGUS
what is the GLOTTIS?
the opening of the TRACHEA
what is the LARYNX?
the VOICEBOX
how many lobes do each lungs have?
RIGHT LUNG —> 3 LOBES
LEFT LUNG —> 2 LOVES
both surrounded by PLEURA
what happens during INHALATION?
• external muscles CONTRACT & EXPAND the rib cage
• thoracic cavity goes DOWNWARDS
• INCREASE in volume of thoracic cavity
what happens during EXHALATION?
• internal muscles RELAX & return to ORIGINAL position
• thoracic cavity moves UPWARDS
• thoracic cavity DECREASES in VOLUME
what happens during the EXCHANGE OF GASSES?
• it takes place in the alveolar wall ( 1 cell thick )
• for O2 to enter , it must dissolve in the bloodstream
what is the TIDAL VOLUME?
the NORMAL volume of air when we breathe in & out
what is INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME?
the maximal amount of ADDITIONAL air that can be drawn into the lungs after NORMAL respiration
what is EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME?
the ADDITIONAL amount of air that can be expired from the lungs after NORMAL expiration
what is VITAL CAPACITY?
the MAXIMUM amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after MAXIMUM inhalation
what is RESIDUAL VOLUME?
the amount of air that REMAINS in a person’s lungs AFTER fully exhaling
