Respiratory System Flashcards
what is CELLULAR RESPIRATION?
a chemical process where the body breaks down the oxygen so that the body cells can use it
what is BREATHING?
a physical process.
STAGE 1: air goes in & out of the system
STAGE 2: absorb oxygen & release CO2
what is GAS EXCHANGE?
when O2 enters the body and CO2 leaves
what are the requirements for BREATHING in SIMPLE ORGANISMS?
- a RESPIRATORY SURFACE big enough so that the exchange of O2 and CO2 occurs at needed speed
- must occur in a MOIST environment
what do SIMPLE ORGANISMS mostly rely on in respiration?
diffusion and the circulatory system
what are the requirements for respiration in SPECIALISED SYSTEMS?
- MOIST SURFACE
- PASSAGEWAY to connect the respiratory surface to external environment
- need a RESPIRATORY MEDIUM
how does SKIN RESPIRATION work?
tiny capillaries make contact with the surface
how to fish respirate?
they VENTILATE by moving O2-containing water across their gills
where are the LUNGS LOCATED?
in the THORACIC cavity
describe the pathway air goes through
- air enters through the NOSTRILS & NASOPHARYNX
- air passes through PHARYNX, GLOTTIS & LARYNX.
- the TRACHEA branches in smaller passageways called BRONCHI, which subdivide in BRONCHIOLES & end with ALVEOLI
what is the PHARYNX?
it connects mouth & nasal cavity to the ESOPHAGUS
what is the GLOTTIS?
the opening of the TRACHEA
what is the LARYNX?
the VOICEBOX
how many lobes do each lungs have?
RIGHT LUNG —> 3 LOBES
LEFT LUNG —> 2 LOVES
both surrounded by PLEURA
what happens during INHALATION?
• external muscles CONTRACT & EXPAND the rib cage
• thoracic cavity goes DOWNWARDS
• INCREASE in volume of thoracic cavity
