Circulatory System

Question 1

what is a CIRCULATORY SYSTEM?

Answer 1

a system in which MUSCLES CONTROL the movement of FLUID so that it follows a specific PATH

Question 2

what is a CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM?

Answer 2

a TYPE of circulatory system that PUMPS fluid around the body by the action of a SPECIALIZED ORGAN

Question 3

why CAN’T multicellular organisms rely on diffusion for exchange of gasses and nutrients?

Answer 3

because their METABOLIC requirements are too HIGH

Question 4

what is an OPEN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM?

Answer 4

A transportation system where blood does NOT stay contained within the blood vessels

Question 5

the grasshopper’s circulatory system

Answer 5

• only has the AORTA, which carries blood in its body cavity
• the body cavity is divided in SINUSES
• here blood bathes the cells DIRECTLY

Question 6

what is a CLOSED TRANSPORT SYSTEM?

Answer 6

• Blood is pumped around the body within a network of VESSELS
• blood circulates in only ONE DIRECTION
• system is MORE EFFICIENT

Question 7

circulation in WORMS

Answer 7

• 2 main vessels
• blood enters from the DORSAL VESSEL (top) which pumps the blood FORWARD
• from the arches blood is pumped into the VENTRAL VESSEL
• the exchange of materials occurs through thin CAPILLARY WALLS

Question 8

Circulation in FISH

Answer 8

• have TWO main chambers
• blood is pumped out through a VENTRAL ARTERY to the capillaries in the GILLS
• from the GILLS, blood travels to the DORSAL ARTERY that branches through the body to deliver oxygenated blood.

Question 9

what is SINGLE CIRCULATION?

Answer 9

the blood travels through the heart only ONCE
• like in fish

Question 10

what is DOUBLE circulation

Answer 10

blood travels through the heart TWICE to deliver oxygenated blood

Question 11

when is a circulatory system INCOMPLETE?

Answer 11

when in the third chamber OXYGENATED & DEOXYGENATED blood MIX
• like in AMPHIBIANS

Question 12

circulation in BIRDS & MAMMALS

Answer 12

• they keep oxygenated and deoxygenated blood COMPLETELY SEPARATE
• force blood through the capillaries QUICK
• closed, complete, double circulatory system

Question 13

what are two major TYPES of mammalian systems

Answer 13

1. SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
2. PULMONARY CIRCULATION

Question 14

wha is SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION

Answer 14

path of blood from the HEART to the rest of the BODY

Question 15

what is PULMONARY CIRCULATION?

Answer 15

path of blood from the HEART to the LUNGS and back

Question 16

what do ARTERIES do?

Answer 16

carry blood AWAY from the heart.
• they are thick elastic walls
• small inner circumference / inner capacity

Question 17

what do VEINS do?

Answer 17

carry blood TOWARDS the heart

Question 18

what do CAPILLARIES do?

Answer 18

CONNECT arteries and veins; location or gas exchange

Question 19

what is the PULMONARY CIRCULATORY CYCLE?

Answer 19

the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood FROM the heart TO the lungs
• the pulmonary vein does the OPPOSITE

Question 20

what is the path of OXYGENATED BLOOD?

Answer 20

heart ➝ artery ➝ arteriole ➝ capillaries

Question 21

what is the path of DEOXYGENATED blood?

Answer 21

capillaries ➝ venules ➝ veins ➝ heart

Question 22

how is the HEART DIVIDED?

Answer 22

• left & right ATRIUM
• left & right VENTRICLE

Question 23

what is the path of blood through the HUMAN HEART?

Answer 23

• deoxygenated blood travels through the SUPERIOR & INFERIOR VENA CAVA.
• blood enters the RIGHT ATRIUM.
• atria CONTRACT.
• blood travels through TRICUSPID VALVE into RIGHT VENTRICLE.
• ventricles CONTRACT.
• blood travels through pulmonary VALVE, into pulmonary ARTERY, to lungs picks up O2.
• oxygenated blood RETURNS through the pulmonary VEIN into LEFT ATRIUM.
• atria CONTRACT (again).
• blood passes through BICUSPID VALVE into LEFT VENTRICLE.
• from aortic valve to AORTA and out to the rest of the BODY