Digestive System Flashcards
Describe the PANCREAS and its functions
• secrets digestive juices
• produces insulin (for metabolism)
• “leafy tissue”
• is positioned near the liver
what is PEPSIN?
• enzyme that breaks down protein
• produced in the stomach
what is AMYLASE?
• enzyme that breaks down carbs
• is produced in the salivary glands
What happens in the SMALL INTESTINE?
• completes digestion of food molecules
• absorbs the component subunit
• is called small because of diameter
What are the DUODENUM, JENUNUM & ILEUM?
• layers of the small intestine
what are the 4 functions of the digestive system?
- INGEST food
- DIGEST food to cell membrane
- ABSORB nutrients
- ELIMINATE remains
what is CHEMICAL DIGESTION?
• the chemical breaking down of food molecules
• happens in the mouth and small intestine
what are the ORGANS that MAKE UP the digestive system?
• mouth (oral cavity)
• esophagus
• stomach
• small & large intestine
PLUS
• liver
• gall bladder
• pancreas
what are the functions of the LIVER?
• produces BILE to break down fats.
• contains powerful enzymes that break down additives in food.
what is BILE?
• a fluid that aids digestion
what is MECHANICAL DIGESTION?
• the physical breaking down food
• happens in the mouth & stomach
what happens in the STOMACH?
• muscles of the stomach throw food around to break it , also helped by digestive juices.
• lined with MUCUS.
what happens in the ESOPHAGUS?
• the bolus is transported from the oral cavity to the stomach.
what is PERISTALSIS?
• a muscle contraction that help transport the food down the esophagus
what is the ESOPHAGEAL SPLINCTER?
• a muscle “door” that opens when food is ingested.
• to not let acid / food where it’s not supposed to
what is the function of the GALL BLADDER?
• stores bile until it’s needed
• transports bile to the small intestine via the COMMON BILE DUCT
what happens in the MOUTH?
• physical breaking down of the food with teeth
• saliva helps breaking down carbs with amylase
what are the ACCESSORY ORGANS & why are they called like that.
• gall bladder, liver & pancreas.
• because they are not part of the continuous muscular tube
what happens in the LARGE INTESTINE?
• concentrate & eliminate all waste materials
• ends in rectum & anus
• is shorter but larger in diameter
what are MICROFILI, VILLI & MICROVILLI
• intestinal folds that help expand the surface area.
• microfili are like folds
what is PASSIVE TRANSPORTATION?
• diffusion
• facilitate transportation
what is ACTIVE TRANSPORTATION?
• energy moves molecules across cell membrane to transport proteins
