Genetics Unit Flashcards
who was GREGOR MENDEL?
• answered how traits were inherited
• he experienced with pea plants
• mendel’s laws of heredity
what is a PHENOTYPE?
a physical characteristic
what is a GENOTYPE?
genetic makeup of an individual organism
SEX-LINKED TRAITS
in FEMALES, sex chromosomes are HOMOLOGOUS, in males they are not
• FEMALES have TWO copies of each gene, if they have a faulty copy on X chromosomes they will likely have a good copy on their other X
what is INCOMPLETE dominance?
when both alleles of a gene are partially expressed, resulting in an intermediate/different phenotype .
• RED & WHITE = pink
what is COMPLETE genotype?
when only ONE ALLELE is seen in the phenotype
what are the phases of MITOSIS?
• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase
what are the phases of MEIOSIS?
• Prophase I
• Metaphase I
• Anaphase I
• Telophase I
• Prophase II
• Metaphase II
• Anaphase II
• Telophase II
PROPHASE in MITOSIS VS MEIOSIS
MITOSIS: chromosomes are condensing, spindle fibres form , nuclei dissolve
MEIOSIS: chromosomes are condensing, homologous pairs & crossing over occur
METAPHASE in MITOSIS VS MEIOSIS
MITOSIS: chromosomes line up in a single file line in the equator, they attach to spindle fibres
MEIOSIS: homologous pair line up in the equator, they attach to spindle fibres
ANAPHASE in MITOSIS vs MEIOSIS
MITOSIS: centromere splits apart, chromatids are pulled to opposite poles
MEIOSIS: chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles
TELOPHASE in MITOSIS vs MEIOSIS
MITOSIS: chromatids are “single, non-replicated chromosomes”, chromosomes unwind
• two, identical, diploid
MEIOSIS: new nuclei start to form
what occurs in CYTOKINES?
• cell membrane pinches INWARDS
• spindle fibres BREAK DOWN
• nucleus appears
• DNA returns to chromatin state
