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Zoology > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the Respiratory System

A

Gas Exchange
Blood Regulation
Olfaction
Protection
Voice production

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2
Q

Molecule from the RBC that carries O2

A

Hemoglobin

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3
Q

Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the organism and Environement

A

External Respiration

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4
Q

Oxidative process that occurs inside the cell

A

Cellular Respiration

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5
Q

Participate in the formation of ATP

A

Glucose + O2

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6
Q

Process of Cellular Respiration

A

Glycolysis –> Krebs Cycle –> Oxidative Phosphorylation

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7
Q

Process in Cellular Respiration that uses O2

A

Oxidative Phosphorylation

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8
Q

Gas exchange involves:

A

Breathing/ Ventilation & Gas Transport

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9
Q

How is gas transported?

A

Diffusion or transport of Hemoglobin in the RBC

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10
Q

Hemoglobin rich in O2 is called

A

Oxyhemoglobin

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11
Q

Hemoglobin poor without O2 is called

A

Deoxyhemoglobin

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12
Q

Requirements for Respiratory Surfaces in animal group

A

Moist
Thin
Extensive

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13
Q

Why should the Respiratory Surface be moist?

A

For easy diffusion

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14
Q

What keeps the Respiratory Surface moist?

A

Surfactant

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15
Q

What is the role of the Surfactant

A

Decreases Surface Tension of the Alveoli, making gas exchange more efficient

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16
Q

What is a Surfactant?

A

Type of lipid produced within the alveoli

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17
Q

Bronchi branches into

A

Bronchioles

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18
Q

Bronchioles branches into

A

Terminal Bronchioles

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19
Q

Terminal Bronchioles branches into

A

Respiratory Bronchioles

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20
Q

Secrete mucin and create a protective mucus layer

A

Goblet Cells

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21
Q

Where are Goblet Cells found?

A

intercalated in the Cilia

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22
Q

Position of Vocal Cord when one resonates

A

Adducted / Close

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23
Q

Position of Vocal Cord when we breathe

A

Abducted/ Open

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24
Q

Two Zones of Respiratory Tree

A

Conducting Zone
Respiratory Zone

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25
Q

Tonsil is found in this area

A

Oropharynx

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26
Q

A crucial connection point through which food, water, and air pass

A

Laryngopharynx

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27
Q

Another term for Laryngopharynx

A

Hypopharynx

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28
Q

The back area of the Pharynx

A

Nasopharynx

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29
Q

Leaf-like structure that guards the Pharynx

A

Epiglottis

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30
Q

Forms the adam’s apple

A

Thyroid Cartilage

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31
Q

Tough, flexible tissue that forms the front part of the Larynx. Also protects and support the larynx

A

Thyroid cartilage

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32
Q

The First Tracheal Ring which is a complete ring

A

Cricoid Cartilage

33
Q

Controls the passage of Air through Mouth and into the Larynx

A

Pharynx

34
Q

The main Trunk of system of tubes which air passes to and from the lungs

A

Trachea

35
Q

Tubes that carry air into and out of the Lungs

A

Bronchi

36
Q

Bronchi branches out and decreases into

A

Bronchioles

37
Q

Bronchioles branches out and decreases into

A

Terminal Bronchioles

38
Q

Terminal Bronchioles and decreases into

A

Respiratory Bronchioles

39
Q

These are branches of the Bronchi that is embedded in the Lungs

A

Bronchioles

40
Q

Two (2) Types of cells found in the Alveoli

A

Type I - Pneumocytes
Type II - Surfactant

41
Q

Makes the structure of the Alveoli and forms air-blood barrier where Gas Exchange occurs

A

Type I - Pneumocytes

42
Q

Decreases surface Tension of the Alveoli

A

Surfactant

43
Q

Number of Secondary Bronchi in the Right Lung

A

Three (3) Secondary Bronchi

44
Q

Number of Secondary Bronchi in the Left Lung

A

Two (2) Secondary Bronchi

45
Q

Number of Lobes in Right Lung

A

Three (3) Lobes

46
Q

Number of Lobes in Left Lung

A

Two (2) Lobes

47
Q

Main opening found at the Inner Middle Portion of the Lung

A

Hilum

48
Q

Where the Lungs receives the Bronchus, Blood, Lymphatic Vessels, and Nerves

A

Hilum

49
Q

Covering of the Thoracic Cavity

A

Pleurae

50
Q

Covers the Surface of the Lungs (so tightly it cannot be peeled off)

A

Visceral Pleura (Inner Layer)

51
Q

Lines the Chest Cavity

A

Parietal Pleura (Outer Layer)

52
Q

These lines the Pleural Cavity

A

Visceral Pleura & Parietal Pleura

53
Q

A liquid found between the layers of the pleura and serves to reduce friction

A

Pleural Fluid

54
Q

Atmospheric Pressure is Greater during Inspiration / Inhilation

A

because lungs expands and air goes in
Patm = 760 mmHg

55
Q

Is Inspiration an Active Process or Passive Process

A

Active Process - because it aids the innervation of motor nerves

56
Q

Is Expiration an Active Process or Passive Process

A

Passive Process

57
Q

Atmospheric Pressure is Weaker during Expiration

A

Lung pressure: 759 mmHg

58
Q

Control the Rate and Depth of breathing

A

Respiratory Center (nervous system)

59
Q

Location of the Respiratory System

A

Medulla (& Pons)

60
Q

What sends signal to the diaphragm causing it to contract?

A

Respiratory Center

61
Q

Average number of breaths per minute when awake / rest

A

10 - 14 breaths per minute

62
Q

Average number of breath when Sleeping

A

8 breaths per minute

63
Q

Average number of breath when exercising

A

21 breaths per minute

64
Q

Most important element in the structure / formation of Hemoglobin

A

Iron

65
Q

How many O2 molecules does the Hemoglobin carry

A

Four (4) O2 molecules

66
Q

In what area are Hemoglobin unstable

A

Areas where there is Low Concentration of O2 and High Concentration of CO2 + Area where the Temperature is High and pH is Low

67
Q

In plasma how many percent of CO2 is carries in solution

A

7%

68
Q

CO2 is transported by what in plasma

A

Bicarbonate

69
Q

Prevents the collapsion of Trachea

A

Cartilaginous Rings

69
Q

Prevents the collapsion of Trachea

A

Cartilaginous Rings

70
Q

Small spaces in the skull that regulates temperature and humidity of air

A

Sinuses

71
Q

Where can Goblet Cells be found

A

Nasal Cavity & Trachea

72
Q

Space at the back of the mouth that leads either to the airway or esophagus

A

Pharynx

73
Q

Transport air from Lungs to Trachea

A

Bronchi

74
Q

Disorder of the lungs that causes Bronchi to become restricted (smaller)

A

Asthma

75
Q

Also known as windpiper

A

Trachea

76
Q

Correct order of air flow

A

Nasal Cavity –> Pharynx –> Larynx –> Trachea –> Alveoli

77
Q

How many percent of O2 do we breathe from the air

A

20.1%

Zoology (6 decks)

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