Integumentary system Flashcards
Integumentary system consist of?
Skin; epidermis and dermis
accessory structures; sebacaous glands, sudoriferous glands, hairs, nails
The five function of the integumentary system
for
Protection
Sensation
Excretion
Vitamin d production
Temperature regulation
The largest organ in the body
Skin
Organ that preserve the body temperature
Skin
Three main layers of the Epidermis (outer - inner)
Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis (Subcutaneous tissue (fat))
The sensory nerve endings are specifically located at the?
Dermis papillary layer
What are underneath the (peeled) epidermis?
Corrugations
The epidermis corrugations are attached to the?
Dermal papilla
Three layers of the epidermis (lpo) (top - bottom)
Epidermis
(dermal papilla)
Papillary layer of the dermis
Reticular layer of the dermis
Five layers of the epidermis (hpo) (top - bottom)
stratum Corneum
stratum Lucidum
stratum Granulosum
stratum Spinosum
stratum Basale / stratum Germinativum
These three can be found in the papillary layer of the dermis
Nerve endings; thermoreceptor, mechanoreceptors
hair follicles
glands
These are abundant in the reticular layer of the dermis
Abundance of reticular fibers
What can be found on the reticular layer of the dermis
Abundance of reticular fiber
This tissue is made up of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
stratum Corneum
This tissue is the most superficial and consist of cornified cells
stratum Corneum
This tissue is composed of three to five layers of dead, flattened keratinocytes
stratum Lucidum
This tissue is only found in thick skin cells (like palms and soles)
stratum lucidum
This tissue is a thin, clear zone of dead skin cells
stratum Lucidum
This tissue is composed of three to five layers of dead, flattened keratinocytes. It is composed of thin, clear zone of dead skin cells. It is also only found in thick skin cells like the palms and soles.
stratum Lucidum
Keratohyalin granules inside the cells are found in this tissue
stratum Granulosum
Keratin are usually stored in this tissue and are released within the epidermis
stratum Granulosum
The nucleus and other organelles in the superficial layer of this tissue denigrate and the cells die
stratum Granulosum
In this tissue keratohyalin granules inside the cells are found and keratin are usually stored here and are released within the epidermis. The nucleus and other organelles in the superficial layer if this tissue also denigrate and the cells die
stratum Granulosum
This tissue is spindle-shaped when hydrated but flat when dehydrated
stratum Spinosum
There is limited cell division in this tissue
stratum Spinosum
This tissue is spindle-shaped when hydrated but is flat when dehydrated. There is also limited cell division in this tissue portion
stratum Spinosum
The highly mitotic cells of the epidermis are found here which replaced the old cells
stratum Basale / stratum Germinativum
This tissue is the deepest portion of the epidermis
stratum Basale / stratum Germinativum
This tissue has high mitotic activity and is the deepest portion of the epidermis
stratum Basale / stratum Germinativum
Nerve endings are found in the?
Dermal papilla
Four epidermal cells
Melanocytes
Keratinocytes
Merkel’s cells
Langerhans’ cells
This cell is the pigment melanin (gives pigment)
Melanocytes
This cell is usually found at the area of the stratum Basale / stratum Germinativum
Melanocytes
This cell is usually found at the area of the stratum Basale / stratum Germinativum and gives pigment (pigment melanin)
Melanocytes
This cell produces keratine
Keratinocytes
This cell is found on most layers of the dermis
(stratum Corneum, stratum Lucidum, stratum Granulosum)
Keratinocytes
This cell is found on most layers of the dermis
(stratum Corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum Granulosum)
Keratinocytes
This cell detects light touch and pressure
Merkel’s cells
This cell is part of the immune system
Langerhans’ cells
This is the waterproofing of the epidermis
Keratinization
This is when cells die and produce the outer layer that resist abrasion and forms the permeability layer
Keratinization
This is the waterproofing of the cells and when the cells die, it produces the outer layer that resists abrasions and form a permeability layer
Keratinization
The lipid and protein found in the the stratum Corneum
Intercellular lipid
Keratin
Subcellular structure that is found in the stratum Lucidum
Lamellar body
Subcellular structure found in the stratum Lucidum that releases lipids
Lamellar body
What does the lamellar body releases?
Lipids
These can be found in the stratum Granulosum
Protein envelope
Keratohyalin granules
These can be found in the stratum spinosum
Lipid-filled lamellar body
Keratin fiber
These can be found in the stratum Basale / stratum Germinativum
Desmosome
Hemidesmosomes
Basement membrane
What layer is plump if it is filled with lipid but flat if not?
stratum Spinosum
Two layers of the dermis
Superficial layer
Deeper reticular layer
This layer is underneath the dermis and is made up of loose connective tissue
Superficial layer
This layer is made up of dense connective tissue and is responsible for the formation of striae (stretch marks)
Deeper reticular layer
This layer is made up of connective tissue fibers, subcutaneous fat, adipose cells, and contains macrophages
Hypodermis
The accessory skin structures
Hair
Nails
Glands (sebaceous glands, sudoriferous glands)
Two types of sudoriferous glands
Merocrine sweat glands
Apocrine sweat glands
The gland secretory portion is intact thus, producing sweat within the cells which is secreted by the cells at the secretory portion then is transmitted to the duct into the ski
Merocrine sweat glands
The gland secretory portion is apart thus, becomes the secretion itself. thus, it buds off and enters the duct to the skin.
Apocrine sweat glands
This is found above the skin surface
Hair shaft
This is known as the base of the hair root and the area where the hair is initially formed
hair bulb
The gland is connected to the hair follicle to lubricate the hair shaft to give it a shiny appearance and give protection to the scalp from any bacterial or fungal infection
Sebaceous glands
These muscles are connected to the hair follicle and gives that goosebump appearance
Arrector pili
Three concentric layer of the hair
Medulla
Cortex
Cuticle
Three concentric layer of the hair
Medulla
Cortex
Cuticle
The dilated portion of the hair root
Hair bulb
The central axis of the hair
Medulla
This forms the bulk of hair
Cortex
This forms the hair surface
Cuticle
Three dense connective tissue that gives more protection to hair structure
Internal epithelial root sheath
External epithelial root sheath
Dermal root sheath
Anatomy of the nail
Nail root is proximal
Nail body is distal
Growth of nail is
Continous
What produces the nails?
Nial root
The nail root is made up of?
Dead cells
This area of the nail is made up of dead cells
Nail root
This gland produces sebum and oils the hair and skin surface
sebaceous glands
this gland is commonly found in the palms, soles, forehead, axillae, genitalia, and around the anus
Sudoriferous glands
This gland secretes earwax
cerumonous
This gland produces milk
Mammary glands
What does the sebaceous glands produces
Sebum
What is the purpose of sebaceous glands
Oils hair and skin surface
what does the ceruminous gland secretes?
Earwax
What does the mammary gland produce
Milk
Also known as the accumulation of keratin
Keratinization
Produces upper layer of cells of epidermis, hair, and nails
Keratinization
Two main types of glands in skin
Sebaceous glands (Oily)
Sudoriferous glands (watery)
