Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ASC171 - Final exam modules > Respiratory system > Flashcards

Respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

Outline the respiratory tract functions

A 
area for gas exchange
pH regulation (acid/base)
thermoregulation
water elimination
voice projection
humidification & warming of air
protection
olfactory stimuli detection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Know all structures of respiratory tract

A

slides 4, 5, 6…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name the structures associated with the upper respiratory tract…?

A

Nose
Nasal cavity
pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name the structures associated with the lower respiratory tract…?

A 
larynx
trachea
bronchi (primary, secondary, tertiary)
bronchioles (terminal, respiratory)
alveoli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Know the gross anatomy of the respiratory tract…

A

slide 8 & 9…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name the structures in the hilus and direction of travel

A

bronchus (enters)
pulmonary artery & nerve (enters)
pulmonary vein & lymphatics (leave)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which side of the lung is bigger?

A

right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Anatomical structures of the nasal cavity…?

A

Hard & soft palate
septum (cartilage) = divided in half
conchal bones - fine (good blood supply, mucous membrane covering, warm & humidify incoming air)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A bit about sinuses…?

A 
air filled space in skull
connected to nasal cavity
limited exchange of air
maxillary sinus (roots of cheek teeth)
thermal & mechanical protection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where does the frontal sinus extend?

A

Horns of sheep & cattle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A bit about the pharynx…?

A 
common passage for food & air
at back of throat
soft palate
Epiglottis (larynx) overlaps soft palate
movement of soft palate & epiglottis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the soft palate do structurally?

A

Separates entrance of mouth & nasal passage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe what happens to the epiglottis & soft palate when an animal breathes vs swallows?

A

Breathing - epiglottis and soft palate stay overlapped and leave glottis (entrance to trachea) open
Swallowing - epiglottis covers glottis & soft palate extends directing saliva/food into oesophagus (slide 20)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A bit about the larynx…?

A 
Entrance to lower airways (trachea)
connects pharynx & trachea
made up of 5 cartilages
vocal cords (phonation)
allows only gases into trachea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 5 cartilages of the larynx?

A

epiglottis
thyroid cartilage (Adam’s apple)
2 * arytenoid
cricoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A bit about the trachea…?

A

non-collapsible tube
passes down the neck larynx -> lungs
cartilage rings connected dorsally by muscle
-> 2 bronchi (one to each lung)
mucous membrane lining ciliated
mucocilliary transport system - moves mucus & debris away from lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T or F - bronchi and trachea have identical structures

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

T or F - bronchioles have a supporting cartilage like the trachea

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which bronchioles are the smallest?

A

Respiratory or terminal bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The role of smooth muscle in the respiratory system…?

A
  • allow control of airway diameter (contract = narrower, relax = wider)
21
Q

What would cause contraction in the airways…?

A

irritants (pollen)
dust (asthma)
nervous system control

22
Q

What would cause relaxation in the airways…?

A 
adrenaline 
drugs (clenbuterol = ventipulmin bronchodilator)
23
Q

Where is the site of gas exchange?

A

alveoli

24
Q

A bit more on alveoli…

A

millions of them!

blood capillaries intimately associated

25
Q

Place in order from smallest to largest: respiratory bronchiole, alveolar sacs, bronchiole

A

alveolar sacs -> respiratory bronchiole -> bronchiole

26
Q

When is optimal gas exchange achieved?

A

by matching ventilation with blood flow rates

27
Q

What are the 2 cell types of alveoli - what do they do?

A

type I - exchange

type II - secretion & surface tension

28
Q

Identify all structures on slide 34 & 35

A

do it now!

29
Q

Outline the passage of air from atmosphere to alveoli… Begin from nostrils

A

Nostrils -> nasal cavity -> pharynx -> larynx -> trachea -> L/R bronchus -> bronchioles -> intralobular bronchioles -> terminal bronchioles -> respiratory bronchioles -> alveolar ducts -> alveoli

30
Q

Which structures would be found in the conducting zone?

A

nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi (1, 2, 3*)

31
Q

Which structures would be found in the respiratory zone?

A

bronchioles (terminal & resp.), alveoli

32
Q

How many levels of gas exchange are there and what/where are they?

A

2 levels of gas exchange

  • external resp. - exchange of O2 & CO2 with atmosphere
  • internal (cellular) resp. - mitochondria in cell use O2 -> CO2 (waste)
33
Q

Draw diagram involving 1. pulmonary ventilation, 2. external respiration, 3. transport of respiratory gases, 4. internal respiration

A

slide 42

34
Q

Functions of the conducting zone…?

A
  • passage of air to to enter resp. zone
  • air warmed & humidified
  • defence
35
Q

Characteristics of the respiratory zone…?

A

increased SA -> decreased thickness

no cilia/goblet cells

36
Q

Movement of air is driven by what?

A

pressure gradients

37
Q

What happens to pressure gradient during inspiration?

A

pressure in alveoli < atmospheric pressure

38
Q

What happens to pressure gradient during expiration?

A

pressure in alveoli > atmospheric pressure

39
Q

Explain what happens in the thorax during inspiration

A

Thorax enlarges -> inflow of air
Contraction of diaphragm
contraction of intercostal muscles -> cranial & outward movement of ribs

40
Q

Define Patm…?

A

Atmospheric pressure - outside air pressure (760mm Hg)

41
Q

Define Palv…?

A

Intra-alveolar Pressure - air pressure within alveoli (at rest 760mm Hg)

42
Q

What drives ventilation?

A

pressure gradient between Patm & Palv

43
Q

Define Pip…?

A

Intrapleural Pressure - pressure within pleura (at rest ~4mm Hg)

44
Q

T or F - Palv is always < Pip

A

false - Palv always > Pip

45
Q

Define Transpulmonary Pressure…?

A

Difference between Pip & Palv

46
Q

Fick’s equation describes what?

A

Rate of diffusion

47
Q

Dalton’s Law of partial pressure describes what?

A

pressure exerted by a gas relative to number of moles of the gas & volume? re-check wtf that actually means

48
Q

Henry’s Law describes what?

A

[gas] in liquid proportional to its partial pressure

49
Q

Boyle’s Law states…?

A

Given quantity of any gas in airtight container, pressure inversely proportional to volume of container

ASC171 - Final exam modules (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions