RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Flashcards
required to perform life processes
free energy
supply of oxygen for oxidation o f nutrients is obtained thru
respiration
primary mode of respiration in insects
diffusion of atmospheric gases
-complex of tubes that delivers oxygen to cells
-ectodermal
tracheal system
tracheal system
spiracles - tracheal trunk - grouped tracheae - tracheoles - tracheal cells
branching tubes
tracheae
large tracheae on each side that run the length of the body
tracheal trunk
bellows to increase ventilation (fast flying insects)
air sacs
support and shape the tracheae (helical thickenings)
taenidia
end of the tracheal branch
tracheoles
characteristic of tracheoles
- branch around cells
- lack a regular layer of epithelium
Balloon like structures that store reserve of air
collapsible air sacs
collapsible air sacs function
-conserve water (terrestrial environments)
- regulating buoyancy (aquatic)
- for molting
found at the primary branch of several tracheoles; weblike; with thin protoplasmic extensions
tracheal cell
diffusion of 02 and co2 is aided by
mechanical ventilation of abdominal tracheae and air sacs
2 ways of co2 diffusion
through cuticle / thru haemolyph via mt-rectal system
rely on passive diffusion and physical activity for diffusion
small insects
spiracles flutter continuously (serves to conserve H2O), open completely for a second, then burst
burst theory for the cyclic release of c02
spiracle opening is dependent on
-water imbalance
-low 02
-high c02
ts with spiracles that open to the outside of the body
open system
spiracle are absent
closed system
open ts characteristic
- presence of atrium
- spiracle covered with hair
chamber into which spiracular openings lead
atrium
present in aquatic insects
gas gills
