RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Question 1

required to perform life processes

Answer 1

free energy

Question 2

supply of oxygen for oxidation o f nutrients is obtained thru

Answer 2

respiration

Question 3

primary mode of respiration in insects

Answer 3

diffusion of atmospheric gases

Question 4

-complex of tubes that delivers oxygen to cells
-ectodermal

Answer 4

tracheal system

Question 5

tracheal system

Answer 5

spiracles - tracheal trunk - grouped tracheae - tracheoles - tracheal cells

Question 6

branching tubes

Answer 6

tracheae

Question 7

large tracheae on each side that run the length of the body

Answer 7

tracheal trunk

Question 8

bellows to increase ventilation (fast flying insects)

Answer 8

air sacs

Question 9

support and shape the tracheae (helical thickenings)

Answer 9

taenidia

Question 10

end of the tracheal branch

Answer 10

tracheoles

Question 11

characteristic of tracheoles

Answer 11

• branch around cells
• lack a regular layer of epithelium

Question 12

Balloon like structures that store reserve of air

Answer 12

collapsible air sacs

Question 13

collapsible air sacs function

Answer 13

-conserve water (terrestrial environments)
- regulating buoyancy (aquatic)
- for molting

Question 14

found at the primary branch of several tracheoles; weblike; with thin protoplasmic extensions

Answer 14

tracheal cell

Question 15

diffusion of 02 and co2 is aided by

Answer 15

mechanical ventilation of abdominal tracheae and air sacs

Question 16

2 ways of co2 diffusion

Answer 16

through cuticle / thru haemolyph via mt-rectal system

Question 17

rely on passive diffusion and physical activity for diffusion

Answer 17

small insects

Question 18

spiracles flutter continuously (serves to conserve H2O), open completely for a second, then burst

Answer 18

burst theory for the cyclic release of c02

Question 19

spiracle opening is dependent on

Answer 19

-water imbalance
-low 02
-high c02

Question 20

ts with spiracles that open to the outside of the body

Answer 20

open system

Question 21

spiracle are absent

Answer 21

closed system

Question 22

open ts characteristic

Answer 22

• presence of atrium
• spiracle covered with hair

Question 23

chamber into which spiracular openings lead

Answer 23

atrium

Question 24

present in aquatic insects

Answer 24

gas gills

Question 25

in closed ts o2 gets in via

Answer 25

• cutaneous respiration
• tracheal gills
• diving stores
• air tubes

Question 26

O2 diffuses in very thin cuticle with tracheae lying just beneath the cuticle

Answer 26

cutaneous respiration (e.g. Protura, Collembola, endoparasitic insects)

Question 27

tracheal network found in close in close assoc. with gills

Answer 27

tracheal gills
⮚Lateral abdominal gills in Ephemeroptera ⮚Caudal gills in damselfly
⮚Rectal gills in dragonfly

Question 28

a film or bubble of air is attached to some part of the body

Answer 28

diving stores

Question 29

used like snorkel to siphon air from surface (water scavenger beetles or predaceous diving beetles)

Answer 29

air tubes (e.g. mosquito wrigglers)

Question 30

ways by which water will not be able to enter spiracles

Answer 30

oily secretions
hydrofuge hairs
posterior abdominal discs

Question 31

produce oily secretions

Answer 31

peristigmatic glands

Question 32

no functional spiracles

Answer 32

apneustic

Question 33

1 or 2 functional spiracle

Answer 33

oligopneustic

Question 34

at least 8 functional spiracles

Answer 34

polypneustic

Question 35

2 pairs (moth flies)

Answer 35

amphineustic

Question 36

1 pair (post a) mosquito larvae

Answer 36

metapneustic

Question 37

1 pair (mesothoracic) mosquito pupa

Answer 37

propneustic

Question 38

10 pairs (crickets)

Answer 38

holopneustic

Question 39

9 pairs (gall midges)

Answer 39

peripneustic

Question 40

8 pairs (fungus gnats)

Answer 40

hemipneustic