Respiratory system

Question 1

Upper respiratory system components

Answer 1

Nose
Pharynx
Larynx

Question 2

Lower respiratory system components

Answer 2

Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs

Question 3

Boundaries of the nasal cavity

Answer 3

The roof is formed from the base of the skull
the floor is formed of the hard palate
Divided into right and left halves by nasal septum

Question 4

Conchae

Answer 4

The projections on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity (they are 3)
Receive openings from the para-nasal sinuses
Lined by a mucous membrane

Question 5

Paranasal sinuses

Answer 5

Air-filled extensions in the frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid and maxilla bones

Question 6

Length and extension of the pharynx

Answer 6

13 cm long

extends from base of the skull to C6 infront of the cricoid cartilage

Question 7

Divisions of the pharynx

Answer 7

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

Question 8

Extension of the nasopharynx

Answer 8

Behind the nasal cavity above the level of the soft palate

Question 9

Extension of the oropharynx

Answer 9

Behind the mouth cavity from the soft palate superiorly to the epiglottis inferiorly

Question 10

Extension of the laryngopharynx

Answer 10

Behind the larynx from the epiglottis superiorly to the cricoid cartilage inferiorly

Question 11

Continuation of the pharynx

Answer 11

Forms the esophagus

Question 12

Length and extension of larynx

Answer 12

4 cm in length

extends from the root of the tongue and the epiglottis to the beginning of the trachea

Question 13

Dimensions and extension of the trachea

Answer 13

4.5 inch in length and 1 inch in diameter
Divides at level of sternal angle
extends from C6 to T4 posteriorly
extends from circoid cartilage to the 2nd costal cartilage anteriorly

Question 14

Trachea bifurcations

Answer 14

2 principle bronchi at level of sternal angle
lobar bronchi
segmental bronchi 
bronchioles 
alveolar ducts 
terminal alveoli

Question 15

Divisions of right main bronchus

Answer 15

divides to eparterial (superior lobar) and hyparterial (inferior lobar)
the hyparterial branch enters the hilum and divides to 2 middle and inferior lobar

Question 16

Divisions of left main bronchus

Answer 16

The main bronchus divides in the lung to 2 main lobar bronchi

Question 17

Alveoli

Answer 17

are thin walled and consitute the barrier between the air inside and capillaries outside where gas exchange takes place

Question 18

Level of the transverse thoracic plane

Answer 18

Level of T4

Question 19

Pleura definition

Answer 19

closed sac of serous membrane which is invaginated from the medial side by the lung

Question 20

Pleura layers

Answer 20

Visceral and parietal

Question 21

Pleural cavity

Answer 21

The space between parietal and viscera pleura

Question 22

Pleura functions

Answer 22

Reduction of friction
Creation of a pressure gradient
Prevention of spread of infection

Question 23

Parts of parietal pleura

Answer 23

Cervical pleura (covers the apex of the lung)
Costal pleura (lines the thoracic wall)
Mediastinal pleura (lines the mediastinum)
Diaphragmatic pleura (covers the diaphragm)

Question 24

Pleural recesses

Answer 24

Costo-diaphragmatic recesses (slit like along the inferior margins of pleura between costal and diaphragmatic pleurae)
Costo-mediastinal recesses (slit like space along the anterior margins of the pleura between costal and mediastinal pleurae)

Question 25

Blood supply of pleura

Answer 25

Visceral pleura (by bronchial vessels like the lungs)
Parietal pleura (by intercostal and internal thoracic vessels)

Question 26

Nerve supply of pleura

Answer 26

Visceral layer by autonomic pulmonary plexus
Parietal layer by:
1) Phrenic nerve (C3,4,5) to mediastinal and central part of diaphragmatic pleura
2) Intercostal nerves (lower 6 thoracic) to costal and peripheral parts of diaphragmatic
pleura

Question 27

Lymphatic drainage of the pleura

Answer 27

Visceral pleura ( into broncho-pulmonary and tracheo-bronchial lymph nodes)
parietal pleura according to different parts

Question 28

Why the base of right lung is deeply concave?

Answer 28

Due to bulge of liver

Question 29

Cardiac notch

Answer 29

On the left lung between the 4th and 6th costal cartilage

Question 30

Oblique fissure of the lungs

Answer 30

Found in both lungs

Extends from the 3rd thoracic spine posteriorly to the end of the 6th rib anteriorly