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respiratory system Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the function of cilia

A

transports trapped dust and germs to the through where it can be swallowed and destroyed in the stomach

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2
Q

the trachea is kept open by ____

A

c-shaped cartilage rings

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3
Q

the bronchi are kept open by____

A

o-shaped cartilage rings

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4
Q

what is a cluster of alveoli known as

A

infundibulum

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5
Q

what is respiration

A

is the chemical process where oxygen and glucose are used by mitochondrion to produce co2 and water and release the energy from food

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6
Q

what happens during inhalation

A

external intercostal muscles raise the ribs and sternum. the muscle fibers in the diaphragm contact pulling it down

this increases the thorax volume and the air pressure falls below atmospheric pressure, therefore air moves from the atmosphere to the lungs

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7
Q

what happens during quiet exhalation

A

the diaphragm is billed back by elastic recoil of the lungs

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8
Q

what happens during forced exhalation

A

abdominal wall muscles contact forcing abdominal organs to push up the diaphragm

the air pressure in the thorax rises above atmospheric pressure and therefore air moves from the lungs to the atmosphere

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9
Q

what is the main cause of emphysema

A

smoking

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10
Q

what happens to a person who has emphysema

A

heavy smoking causes the folds between alveoli to break down so the surface area is reduced and less oxygen can be absorbed

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11
Q

what are the symptoms and treatments for emphysema

A

shortness of break and bronchodilation medication

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12
Q

what is the main cause for lung cancer

A

smoking

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13
Q

what are the symptoms and treatments for lung cancer

A

a persistent cough and chemotherapy

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14
Q

what is the main cause for asthma

A

an allergic reaction

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15
Q

what are the symptoms and treatments of asthma

A

shortness of breath and you must know your triggers

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16
Q

what is the cause of chronic bronchitis

A

smoking or inhaling irritating fumes

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17
Q

what are the symptoms and treatments of bronchitis

A

a cough that persists for most days of the month for at least 3 months and at least 2 years in a row

no cure- bronchodilator inhalers

18
Q

what is the cause for pneumonia

A

by bacteria or virus

19
Q

what are the symptoms and treatments of pneumonia

A

high fever and cough suppressants

20
Q

what is the cause for tb

A

is passed from person to person via droplets containing the bacteria

21
Q

what are the symptoms and treatments for tb

A

loss of weight and long term special medication

22
Q

what is the function of the eustachian tube

A

it equalizes air pressure in both ear drums

23
Q

what is the function of the uvula

A

prevents food from entering the nasal passages when you swallow

24
Q

what is the function of the buccal cavity

A

is the passage for food and air to pass through

25
Q

what is the function of the oesophagus

A

is the passage for food that’s transported from the mouth to the stomach

26
Q

what is the function of the upper jaw with a hard palate

A

helps with mechanical digestion

27
Q

what is the function of the tongue muscles

A

mixes food with saliva, rolls food into a bolus and helps with swallowing

28
Q

what is the function of the epiglottis

A

prevents food from going down the trachea when swallowing

29
Q

what is the function of the turbinate bones

A

reduces speed of airflow

30
Q

what are the sinuses

A

spongy bone

31
Q

what is the trachea

A

is the passage that remains open to allow air to flow

32
Q

what is the larynx

A

voice box

33
Q

what is the function of the external intercostal muscles

A

when they contract the chest cavity enlarges for inhalation

34
Q

what is the function of the internal intercostal muscles

A

when they contract the chest cavity gets smaller for exhalation

35
Q

what are bronchioles

A

tiny tubes taking air to the alveoli

36
Q

what are alveoli

A

they provide a large surface area for gaseous exchange

37
Q

what is the function of the pleural membranes

A

recents friction between the lungs and rib cage during movement

38
Q

what is the function of the lung

A

provides a large surface area for gaseous exchange

39
Q

what is the function of the ribs

A

forms a protective cage for the lungs and heart

40
Q

what is the function of pleural fluid

A

to prevent friction between the lungs and rib cage

41
Q

what is gaseous exchange

A

is the diffusion of gases between the environment and cells of the organism

bio (5 decks)

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