digestive system

Question 1

what is the function of carbohydrates

Answer 1

in plants they form part of the structure and is the main form of energy storage

starch is not stored in a aimless but is the quickest form of food to burn energy

Question 2

what is the function of proteins

Answer 2

forms part of the structure of our cell membrane

can be used for energy and is used to make antibodies and vitamins

Question 3

what are fats and it’s functions

Answer 3

forms the main part of our cell membrane

protects many organs like a cushion

animals store energy as fat

all steroid hormones are fats

Question 4

what are the functions of water

Answer 4

keeps our body cool

all chemical reactions take place in water

all mineral salts just be dissolved in water before we can use them

water transports oxygen, carbon dioxide hormones and antibodies

Question 5

what is fiber and what are its functions

Answer 5

is indigestible and provides the gut wall with something to contract against

the contraction of the gut wall moves good and waste along the gut

slows down the absorption of glucose

provides nutrients to the microbiome

Question 6

briefly explain what vitamin A is

Answer 6

is fat soluble and protects mucous membranes

Question 7

briefly explain what vitamin C is

Answer 7

is water soluble and is essential for our immune system and keeps our skill supple by keeping collagen intact

Question 8

Briefly explain what vitamin B is

Answer 8

is water soluble and is a complex of vitamins

helps maintain our metabolism and is essential for our nerve function

Question 9

briefly explain what vitamin D is

Answer 9

is fat soluble and is necessary for the absorption of calcium for bones and teeth and is found in many oils

Question 10

briefly explain what vitamin K is

Answer 10

is needed for blood clotting and keeps our arteries and veins supple

Question 11

why do we need sodium

Answer 11

is needed for muscle contraction and nerve impulses

Question 12

why do we need iron

Answer 12

is needed to make haemoglobin and carrie’s the oxygen to the cells that need it

Question 13

why do we need calcium

Answer 13

needed to build strong bones and teeth

Question 14

why do we need iodine

Answer 14

needed by the thyroid gland to make the hormone thyroxin which regulates our metabolism

Question 15

why do we need magnesium

Answer 15

helps muscles relax, preventing cramps

Question 16

what are the stages of digestion

Answer 16

1. ingestion
2. digestion
3. absorption
4. assimilation
5. egestion

Question 17

what is digestion

Answer 17

the process of breaking food into nutrient molecules

Question 18

describe peristalsis

Answer 18

where the food moves through muscular contractions of the walls of the alimentary canal

Question 19

what is the function of the teeth

Answer 19

bite, chew and grind food

Question 20

what is the function of the mouth

Answer 20

place where food is chewed and mixed with saliva for chemical digestion

Question 21

what is the function of the tongue

Answer 21

mixes food with saliva, rolls food into a bolus and helps with swallowing

Question 22

what is the function of the diaphragm

Answer 22

separates the thorax and the abdomen

Question 23

what is the function of the liver

Answer 23

• produces bile to assist in digestion of fats
• detoxifies all toxins
• converts glucose to glycogen when blood sugar levels are too high
• visa versa

Question 24

what is the function of the gall bladder

Answer 24

stores the bile

Question 25

what is the function of the bile duct

Answer 25

the passage whereby the bile is transported to the duodenum

Question 26

what is the function of the small intestine

Answer 26

secretes intestinal juice containing enzymes to digest food

contains villi for absorbing digested food into the bloodstream

Question 27

what is the function of the appendix

Answer 27

used to store bacteria used to digest glucose

Question 28

what is the function of the salivary glands

Answer 28

secrets saliva which soften the bolus

Question 29

what is the pharynx

Answer 29

region where the nasal cavity and mouth cavity meet

Question 30

what is the function of the glottis

Answer 30

presses up against the epiglottis to close the trachea when swallowing

Question 31

what is the function of the oesophagus

Answer 31

pushes food toward the stomach by muscular contraction

Question 32

what is the function of the cardiac sphincter

Answer 32

closes the stomach while digestion is taking place to prevent stomach acids from getting into the oesophagus

Question 33

what is the function of the stomach

Answer 33

• enzymes in gastric juice digest food

- muscle contractions grind food

Question 34

what is the function of the pyloric sphincter

Answer 34

a valve that closes when food is being digested in the stomach and opens to transport food to the duodenum

Question 35

what is the function of the pancreas

Answer 35

secretes enzymes into the duodenum to digest good and insulin to the bloodstream to control the levels of glucose

Question 36

what is the function of the colon

Answer 36

absorbs water minerals and vitamins

formed faeces

Question 37

what is the function of the caecum

Answer 37

undigested remains from the small intestine enter the large intestine

Question 38

what is the function of the rectum

Answer 38

stores faeces

Question 39

what is the function of the anus

Answer 39

where faeces passes out the body