Respiratory Sys Flashcards
Pulse oxy limitations. 9
a. Measures oxygen saturation, not O delivery to tissues
b. Insensitive to hyperoxia.
c. Artificially increased by: Carboxyhemoglobin
d. Artificially decreased by: Intravenous dyes, opaque nail polish, and methemoglobin levels >1%
e. Unreliable when pulse signal is poor: Hypothermia, hypovolemia, shock, edema, movement artifact
Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve, shifts to right 6
Right shift—ACE BATs right handed:
Decrease affinity of Hb for O 2 (facilitates unloading of O 2 to tissue).
Acid
CO2 (increase in co2)
Exercise
2,3-BPG
Altitude
Temperature (hyperthermia)
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR)
Maximal flow rate generated during a forced expiratory maneuver
Forced vital capacity (FVC)
Forced expiratory volume in 1
a. Forced vital capacity (FVC): Maximum volume of air exhaled from the
lungs after a maximum inspiration
b. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1): Volume exhaled during
the first second of the FVC maneuver
common symptoms of asthma 5
chronic Cough (>8w) , increased work of breathing, wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness
when to step up or down in asthma treatment
treatment may be stepped down if asthma is well controlled for at least 3 months and is stepped up 1 or 2 steps if asthma is not well controlled or is very poorly controlled. An alternative to stepping up therapy is to first try one of the alternative options in the same step
BPD definition
- premature birth, characterized by the need for oxygen supplementation >21% for at least 28 days after birth
- Pulmonary barotrauma and oxygen toxicity with subsequent inflammation of lung tissue due to ventilation of the immature lung (ventilation for more than 28 days)
Risk factors for BPD 6
Prematurity, IUGR, maternal smoking, perinatal infection,
mechanical ventilation, supplemental oxygen requirement
Treatment of BPD 8
Bronchodilators, antiinflammatory agents (corticosteroids), oxygen therapy, diuretics, tracheostomy
and prolonged mechanical ventilation for severe cases
increased caloric needs, carefully monitor
fluid status
Complication due to BPD
Pulmonary or systemic hypertension,
electrolyte abnormalities, nephrocalcinosis (from chronic diuretics),
neurodevelopmental or growth delay, sleep-disordered breathing,
aspiration from dysphagia and/or GER, more severe infections with RSV
or influenza
Risk factors for S. bronchiolities 4
age less than 12 weeks, a
history of prematurity, underlying cardiopulmonary disease, or
immunodeficiency
(sweat chloride) test: False-positive results can be seen in. 8
untreated adrenal insufficiency, glycogen storage disease type 1,
hypothyroidism, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus,
malnutrition, mucopolysaccharidosis, and panhypopituitarism.
Test to know if px has CF 3
- newborn screening
- sweat Chloride test
- CFTR genetic analyis
GU complication in CF px. 4
-Nephrolithiasis,
-Men: usually infertile
The vas deferens may be absent.
Undescended testicle
-Women: reduced fertility
Viscous cervical mucus can obstruct fertilization.
Menstrual abnormalities (e.g., amenorrhea)
-Delayed development of secondary sexual characteristics in both men and women
OSA definition
obstruction of the upper airways due to the collapse of the pharyngeal muscles during sleep
