Respiratory Radiology (Singh) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the findings of a normal chest xray?

A

normal bone markings with overlying soft tissue

heart

central vascular and airway markings

parenchyma and air

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2
Q

Which pattern of pneumonia shows a “tree-in-bud” pattern?

A

bronchopneumonia

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3
Q

Which pattern of pneumonia shows a lobar delineation?

What will you see on pathology?

A

lobar pneumonia

Red hepatization

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4
Q

What pathogen causes a bulging fissure?

A

Klebsiella

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5
Q

Which bacteria are more likely to cause a lobar pneumonia?

A

S. Pneumoniae

S. Aureus

Gram -

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6
Q

Which bacteria are more likely to cause abscess?

(often seen with lobar PNA)

A

Klebsiella

S. aureus

Anaerobes

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7
Q

Which disease shows an abnormal dilatation and extension of airway spaces into peripheral fields?

A

Bronchiectasis

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8
Q

what is the diagnosis in someone with situs inversus with dextrocardia?

A

primary ciliary dyskinesia

(Kartagener syndrome)

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9
Q

What causes Bat Wing infiltrates?

A

Pulmonary edema (hydrostatic-2’ to HF)

Pneumonias (viral)

HSN pneumonitis

Inhalation injury

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10
Q

Anything favoring (proximal or distal) vascular or airway involvement will cause Bat Wing infiltrates?

A

Proximal

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11
Q

Anything favoring (central or peripheral) involvement leads to Reverse Bat Wing?

What specific condition can cause reverse bat wing?

A

Peripheral

Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis/Sarcoidosis

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12
Q

Why does HSN pneumonitis cause bat-wing on xray?

Why does Sarcoidosis cause reverse bat-wing on xray?

A

Because it follows airways

Because it follows lymphatics

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13
Q

What conditions cause White Out?

A

ARDS (most common)

Severe pneumonia

Severe Atelectasis

Diffuse hemorrhage

Malignancy

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14
Q

Histoplasmosis shows what kind of nodularity?

A

diffuse or laminated

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15
Q

Hamartomas show what type of nodularity?

A

popcorn

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16
Q

If you see a laminated, diffuse nodule on XR, what is likely?

A

old granulomas

17
Q

What are the two charcteristics to look for if worried about malignancy?

A

tumor characteristics

patient characteristics

18
Q

what specific factors should be considered when deciding if a lesion should be biopsied?

A

age

smoker

size

growth

solid

lack of calcification

19
Q

What malignancies can look like pneumonia and be bilateral?

A

mucinous adenocarcinoma

adenocarcinoma in situ

20
Q

What malignancy has a ground glass appearance?

A

adenocarcinoma in situ

21
Q

What malignancy has bubble lucencies?

A

invasive adenocarcinoma

22
Q

What malignancy shows cavitation?

A

squamous cell carcinoma

23
Q

What causes wedge-shaped atelectasis?

A

Resorption (which is from an obstruction)

obstruction can be foriegn body, mucus, tumor

24
Q

What cancers may cause wedge-shaped atelectasis?

A

squamous carcinoma

carcinoid tumor

25
Q

A patient will have a more obvious tension PTX on XR when (inhaling or exhaling) ?

A

exhaling

26
Q

A primary PTX is due to a limited introduction of air into which space?

A

thoracic space

usually due to 1’ lung pathology

27
Q

tension PTX us due to what?

A

“one-way” unchecked accumulation of air

usually from chest wall trauma

causes mass effect with midline shift

28
Q

Alveolar processes are more likely to show what?

A

ground glass or diffuse “white out”