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Y3 Infectious diseases > Respiratory Poultry Diseases > Flashcards

Respiratory Poultry Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Give some examples of important avian respiratory diseases

A
  • Infectious bronchitis
  • Avian metapneumovirus infection
  • Infectious laryngotracheitis
  • Mycoplasmosis
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2
Q

What are the signs of turkey rhinotracheitis?

A
  • Coughing, sneezing, nasal, ocular discharge

- Nasal exudate and a swollen sinus

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3
Q

How does turkey Rhinotracheitis affect productivity?

A
  • Respiratory disease
  • Drop in egg production
  • Poor shell quality
  • Peritonitis
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4
Q

Turkey Rhinotracheitis is the equivalent of which avian disease?

A

Avian metapneumovirus infection

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5
Q

What are the signs of Avian metapneumovirus infection?

A

Swollen head syndrome

  • Oedematous swelling of the head and eyelids
  • Incoordination
  • Clear nasal exudate and watery eyes
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6
Q

Which bacteria is always isolated from swollen head syndrome?

A

E.coli

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7
Q

How does Avian metapneumovirus infection affect productivity?

A
  • Loss of egg production

- Loss of pigment in shells

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8
Q

How does Avian metapneumovirus infection spread?

A

Horizontally: bird to bird in mucus and aerosols
Vertically: No solid evidence of egg transmission. But – evidence of replication in oviduct epithelium

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9
Q

How is Avian metapneumovirus infection diagnosed?

A
  • Blood, swabs and tissue sampling
  • Antibody detection : ELISA
  • Antigen detection: RT-PCR
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10
Q

What are some general control measure for Avian metapneumovirus infection?

A
  • Good biosecurity
  • Reduce stocking densities
  • Single age sites: all in all out systems
  • Improve ventilation
  • Avoid temperature fluctuations
  • Antimicrobial use
  • Good flock management and nutrition
  • Vaccination
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11
Q

What are the two economically important avian mycoplasma species?

A

M.gallisepticum

M.synoviae

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12
Q

Which of the two avian mycoplasma species causes more severe disease?

A

M.gallisepticum

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13
Q

What are the respiratory signs caused my avian mycoplasma infection?

A
  • Nasal discharge, coughing, sneezing, tracheal râles (small clicking, bubbling, or rattling sounds in the lungs)
  • Swollen IOS, watery eyes
  • Sinusitis & conjunctivitis
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14
Q

What are the reproductive signs caused my avian mycoplasma infection?

A
  • Reduced egg production
  • Delayed onset of lay
  • Increased ‘dead-in-shell’
  • Reduced hatchability
  • Reduced survivability
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15
Q

What are the musculoskeletal signs caused my avian mycoplasma infection?

A
  • Lameness
  • Swollen joints/synovitis
  • Sternal bursitis (‘breast blister’)
  • Poor weight gain
  • Rapid loss of condition
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16
Q

Which gross lesions can be seen in avian mycoplasma infections?

A
  • Nasal exudate
  • Sinus exudate
  • Air sacculitis: air sacs should be transparent when there is sacculitis they become cloudy
  • Keratoconjunctivitis
  • Salpingitis = inflammation of the oviduct
  • Arthritis
  • Synovitis
17
Q

Which gross lesions can be seen in chronic respiratory disease?

A
  • Fibrinous perihepatitis
  • Fibrinous pericarditis
  • Air sacculitis
  • Severe lung congestion
18
Q

Which factors of avian mycoplasma infections affect costs and productivity of poultry farms?

A
  • Poor weight gain
  • Reduced feed conversion efficiency
  • Reduced hatchability
  • Downgrading at slaughter
  • Treatment
  • Laboratory tests
  • Control measures
19
Q

How are avian mycoplasmas diagnosed?

A
  • Clinical signs and lesions are not diagnostic
  • Laboratory tests are essential
  • PCR detection of species-specific DNA
  • Serology: ELISA or HI
20
Q

How are avian mycoplasmas controlled?

A
  • Eradication from primary breeding stock
  • Good farm management
  • Vaccination
21
Q

How are avian mycoplasmas treated?

A
  • Macrolides: eg. tylvalosin, tylosin, tilmicosin,
  • Pleuromutilins: eg. tiamulin, valnemulin
  • Aminoglycosides: eg. gentamicin
22
Q

How is Infectious laryngotracheitis characterised?

A

Difficulty breathing, gasping, coughing up blood and mucus

23
Q

Describe the virus of Infectious laryngotracheitis

A
  • Herpes virus
  • DNA
  • Intranuclear inclusions in the trachea
  • Only one type
  • Latent
24
Q

How is Infectious laryngotracheitis spread/transmitted?

A

In droplets from infected birds

25
Q

Describe the latency of Infectious laryngotracheitis

A
  • Becomes latent and can be re-excreted intermittently for weeks
  • Reactivation due to stress, onset of lay, etc
26
Q

What are some acute signs of Infectious laryngotracheitis

A
  • Dyspnoea, gasping, coughing, head shaking, attempts to expel tracheal exudate
  • Clots of blood and mucus coughed up
  • High morbidity, mortality 50-70% or more
27
Q

What are some milder signs of Infectious laryngotracheitis

A
  • Conjunctivitis, lacrimation
  • Nasal discharge
  • Lowered egg production
28
Q

What will be seen on the histology of Infectious laryngotracheitis?

A
  • Intranuclear inclusion bodies in trachea

- Only in the early stages

29
Q

What gross lesions will be seen with Infectious laryngotracheitis?

A
  • Cheesy plugs in trachea, larynx,
  • Bloody exudate
  • Inflamed bronchi and air sacs
30
Q

How is Infectious laryngotracheitis diagnosed?

A
  • Detection of virus in trachea, conjunctiva
  • Detection of virus in feather follicles
  • Detection of antibodies
31
Q

How is Infectious laryngotracheitis treated and controlled?

A
  • No treatment

- Vaccination: eye drop, intranasal, drinking water

Y3 Infectious diseases (19 decks)

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