Respiratory physiology Flashcards
How many generations of airways in the respiratory system?
23
What cells produce surfactant?
Type 2 pneumocytes
Macrophages in the lungs
Alveolar macrophages
most common cause of hemoptysis
Nasopharyngeal CA
Maintains oxygenation in between breaths
Residual volume
Resting volume of the lung
Functional residual capacity
Elasticity is __________ in emphysema
Decreased
Carbon dioxide and oxygen during strenuous exercise and disease states is characterized by _______gas exchange
Diffusion limited
Gases with perfusion limited gas exchange
N2O O2 and CO2 under normal conditions
Hemoglobin with ferric iron
Methemoglobin
Alpha2 gamma2 hemoglobin
Fetal hgb
HbF
Shape of oxygen hgb dissociation curve
Sigmoidal
Binding of first oxygen molecule increases affinity for second molecule
Positive cooperativity
Chloride bicarbonate exchange in RBCs
Chloride shift
Majority of carbon dioxide in blood
Bicarbonate (90%)
Site of highest ventilation
Base of lungs
Inspiratory center which controls basic rhythm for normal inspiration
Dorsal respiratory group
Overdrive mechanism
Ventral respiratory group
Initiates hering-breuer reflex
Lung stretch receptors
Responsible for feeling of dyspnea in left sided heart failure
J cells
Peripheral chemoreceptors respond to _________
Low PaO2
Found in the lower pons and decreases respiratory rate
Apneustic center
Pneumotaxic center function
Increases respiratory rate
Found in upper pons
Causes of pulmonary global hypoxic vasoconstriction
High altitude
Fetal circulation
