Respiratory Physiology 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Pneumothorax
A
recoil forces of lung and chest wall
2
Q
Quiet Inspiration
A
- inspiratory muscles contract
- thoracic volume INC (lungs stretch)
- Intrapulmonary pressure DEC
- air goes into lungs until pulmonary pressure = atmospheric pressure
3
Q
Forced Inspiration
A
- scalenus and sternocleidomastoid
- more thoracic volume
- less thoracic pressure
- larger pressure gradient
- more air flow in
4
Q
Quiet Expiration
A
- Passive process
- inspiratory muscles relax
- elastic lungs recoil
- less thoracic volume
- more alveolar pressure
NO MUSCLE INVOLVEMENTS OTHER THAN RELAXATION
5
Q
Forced Expiration
A
- abdominal and intercostals
- more decrease in thoracic volume and pressure
- more gradient
6
Q
4 factors influencing pulmonary ventilation
A
- AIRWAY RESISTANCE
- ALVEOLAR SURFACE TENSION
- LUNG COMPLIANCE
- ELASTIC RECOIL
7
Q
Airway resistance
A
- influences pulmonary ventilation
- radius of bronchioles
F = P/ R
Epinephrine dilates bronchioles
8
Q
Alveolar Surface Tension
A
- surface tension
- attracts liquid molecules together
- resist force that tries to increase SA of liquid
9
Q
Surfactant
A
detergent like lipid and proteins, produced by TYPE II ALVEOLAR
- less surface tension
- less chance of collapse
10
Q
Lung Compliance
A
- expandability of lungs
- normally high
Diminshed by:
- nonelastic scar tissue
- reduced production of surfactant
- less thoracic cage movement
11
Q
Elastic Recoil
A
- lungs rebounding
2 factors:
1. connective tissure in lungs (collagen/elastin)
- Alveolar Surface tension (reduces tendency of alveoli to recoil)
12
Q
Tidal Volume
A
500 mL
air entering or leaving lungs in single breath
13
Q
Residual Volume
A
1200 mL
maximal expiration, air that stays in the lung
14
Q
Vital Capacity
A
4500 mL
maximum volume out in a single breath after maximum inspiration
15
Q
Dead Space
A
- inspired air - does not change gas exchange
