Respiratory Physiology Flashcards
What does Upper respiratory tract include?
Nose, Nasal cavity, mouth, pharynx, larynx
What does lower respiratory tract include?
Trachea, lungs, bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs
Lung lobes left and right
Left 2 lobes
Right 3 lobes
Alveoli Type I & II cells function
Type I - continuous lining of alveolus- main site of gas exchange
Type II - secret surfactant (improves gas exchange)
Where are respiratory control centres found?
Within Brain 2 areas:
Pons -Apneustic Area, Pneumotaxic Area
Medulla rhythmicity area - Ventral & Dorsal Group
key Respiratory Nerves
Phrenic - C3-C5 root
Intercostal - T1-T11
Vagus - Cranial 10
Glossopharyngeal - Cranial 9
Receptors involved with respiration
Chemoreceptors
Mechanoreceptors (stretch)
Irritant receptors
Peripheral proprioceptors
Chemoreceptors different types
Central
Peripheral - carotid/aortic
Respiratory muscles
Accessory muscles
Diaphragm
Intercostal
Abdominal
What is boyle’s law?
Pressure of gas in a close container inversely proportional to column of container at constant temperature
P proportional 1/V
Volume ^ = Pressure down
Volume down = Pressure ^
Inhalation process
diagram flattens, intercoastal pull ribs out
volume ^ - pressure down = air flows in
Exhalation process (at rest)
passive process - elastic recoil
Elastin - found surrounding alveoli and recoil them following inflation
Exhalation process (active)
Abs, obliques, intercostals act together to force air out
Airflow / airway resistance equation
Pi x Pdiff x R4 / 8nL
R4 = radius power 4 8nL = 8 x viscosity x length
What does Apneustic region do?
Prolong and slow rate of breathing
overridden by pneumotaxic
