Cardiovascular Physiology

Question 1

Structure of cardiovascular system (4 main parts)

Answer 1

Pump (heart - pressure creation)

High pressure circuit (arteries)

Exchange vessels (capillaries)

Low pressure circuit (veins)

Question 2

Where is the highest % blood found

Answer 2

small & large veins

Question 3

What is the function of the cardiovascular system (5)

Answer 3

O2 delivery

Co2 removal

support thermoregulation & body fluid balance

hormone transport

regulation of immune function

Question 4

Cardiac conduction 6 steps

Answer 4

SA Node

Atria

AV Node

Bundle of His

Apex

Purkinje fibres

Question 5

ECG order

Answer 5

P wave

QRS complex

T wave

Question 6

Henrys law

Answer 6

Solubility is constant

Pressure gradient is critical

Gas diffuse from areas of high pressure to low

Question 7

O2 in blood facts

Answer 7

150g per L when bound to Hb (5-10% less for women)

1.34ml of O2 per G of Hb

Question 8

CO2 transport in blood

Answer 8

7% dissolved

23% Carbaminohaemoglobin

70% Bicarbonate ions (HCO3-)

Question 9

Blood pressure definition

Answer 9

pressure exert by on vessel walls (usually arterial)

Question 10

Cardiac output equation

Answer 10

Heart rate x Stroke volume

Question 11

Stroke volume equation

Answer 11

End diastolic volume - End systolic volume

volume of blood per beat

Question 12

Autonomic control of heart

Answer 12

Sympathetic - ^ HR

Parasympathetic - decrease HR

Question 13

What is high heart rate variability associated with

Answer 13

Good emotional regulation

Well being

Information processing

Question 14

What is low heart rate variability associated with

Answer 14

Depression, anxiety

IBS

Ageing

Cardiac mortality

Question 15

What determines V02 (difference in volume of gas inhaled and exhaled)

Answer 15

blood flow & oxygen extraction

fick equation

Question 16

what is the fick equation for V02

Answer 16

VO2 = Q (Ca02 - Cv02)

Ca02 = arterial o2 content
Cv02 = venous
Q = cardiac output

Question 17

Maximal oxygen uptake definiton

Answer 17

maximum rate at which an individual can take up and use oxygen while breathing at sea level

Question 18

oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve explained

Answer 18

Higher partial pressure of oxygen = higher saturation of haemoglobin molecules

Question 19

How does temperature effect the cardiovascular system?

Answer 19

Temp ^ = Hb affinity decrease

More 02 is delivered to warmed up muscle

Question 20

What does Bisphosphoglycerate do

Answer 20

helps unload 02 by binding with Hb

Question 21

What does acidosis do?

Answer 21

decrease affinity of Hb with pH decrease

more 02 delivered to acidic sites