Cardiovascular Physiology Flashcards
Structure of cardiovascular system (4 main parts)
Pump (heart - pressure creation)
High pressure circuit (arteries)
Exchange vessels (capillaries)
Low pressure circuit (veins)
Where is the highest % blood found
small & large veins
What is the function of the cardiovascular system (5)
O2 delivery
Co2 removal
support thermoregulation & body fluid balance
hormone transport
regulation of immune function
Cardiac conduction 6 steps
SA Node
Atria
AV Node
Bundle of His
Apex
Purkinje fibres
ECG order
P wave
QRS complex
T wave
Henrys law
Solubility is constant
Pressure gradient is critical
Gas diffuse from areas of high pressure to low
O2 in blood facts
150g per L when bound to Hb (5-10% less for women)
1.34ml of O2 per G of Hb
CO2 transport in blood
7% dissolved
23% Carbaminohaemoglobin
70% Bicarbonate ions (HCO3-)
Blood pressure definition
pressure exert by on vessel walls (usually arterial)
Cardiac output equation
Heart rate x Stroke volume
Stroke volume equation
End diastolic volume - End systolic volume
volume of blood per beat
Autonomic control of heart
Sympathetic - ^ HR
Parasympathetic - decrease HR
What is high heart rate variability associated with
Good emotional regulation
Well being
Information processing
What is low heart rate variability associated with
Depression, anxiety
IBS
Ageing
Cardiac mortality
What determines V02 (difference in volume of gas inhaled and exhaled)
blood flow & oxygen extraction
fick equation
what is the fick equation for V02
VO2 = Q (Ca02 - Cv02)
Ca02 = arterial o2 content Cv02 = venous Q = cardiac output
Maximal oxygen uptake definiton
maximum rate at which an individual can take up and use oxygen while breathing at sea level
oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve explained
Higher partial pressure of oxygen = higher saturation of haemoglobin molecules
How does temperature effect the cardiovascular system?
Temp ^ = Hb affinity decrease
More 02 is delivered to warmed up muscle
What does Bisphosphoglycerate do
helps unload 02 by binding with Hb
What does acidosis do?
decrease affinity of Hb with pH decrease
more 02 delivered to acidic sites
