Altitude & Exercise Flashcards

1
Q

How is altitude defined?

A

The height of an object or point in relation to sea/ground level

1500m + (medicine)

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2
Q

What are the categories of altitude?

A

Low - 1250m

Moderate - 1250-3000

High - 3000-6000

Severe - 6000+

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3
Q

What is hypoxia?

A

an inadequate supply of oxygen to respiring tissue

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4
Q

What are the 3 main things that are experienced at high altitude

A

Decrease ambient temperature

^ solar radiation

decrease barometric pressure

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5
Q

What is pascal’s rule (1648)

A

the pressure is less the higher one goes because there is less mass pushing down on top

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6
Q

What is Daltons law?

A

total pressure exerted is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of all individual gases

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7
Q

What happens to atmospheric pressure at altitude?

A

Decreases

causes partial pressures to drop too

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8
Q

What is barometric pressure at sea level?

A

760mmHg

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9
Q

Partial pressure equation

A

fractional concentration x total gas pressure

eg 0.21 (O2) x 760 = 159 mmHg

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10
Q

What are hypoxic, Normoxic and Hyperoxic conditions

A

Hypoxic - low oxygen pressure

Normoxic - normal oxygen pressure

Hyperoxic - high oxygen presure

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11
Q

What is the oxygen cascade?

A

P02 decrease causing reduced oxygen uptake and delivery through-out body

oxygen saturation falls

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12
Q

How can performing at altitude effect short races

A

there is less friction on the athletes (less air molecules)

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13
Q

How much does VO2max decrease with altitude

A

1% every 100 metres of elevation (above 1500m)

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14
Q

What does hypobaric hypoxia do to minute ventilation?

A

decreases (over 8 hours)

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15
Q

What are the 3 types of altitude sickness?

A

Mild altitude sickness (AMS)

High altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE)

High altitude cerebral oedema (HACE)

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16
Q

Symptoms of AMS (acute mountain sickness)

A

Headache

Nausea

Fatigue

17
Q

What causes AMS, HAPE, HACE

A

ascending more than 500m in a day

exercising vigorously

18
Q

when does HAPE develop

A

after 2-3 days above 2500m

19
Q

Symptoms of HAPE

A

excess fluid in lungs

breathlessness

fever

20
Q

What is HACE

A

very rarely above 3000m blood vessels in brain become damaged and fluid may leak

21
Q

Symptoms of HACE

A

severe headache

vomiting, confusion, drowsiness

coma

22
Q

What are immediate responses to altittude

A

Hyperventilation

Increased blood flow (^ resting systemic BP)

23
Q

Long term responses to altitude

A

^ blood O2 carrying capacity

^ RBC conc & HB synthesis

EPO increase