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Systems Physiology > Respiratory Physiology 1 > Flashcards

Respiratory Physiology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define respiration

A

the process by which oxygen is taken in and
carbon dioxide is given out.

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2
Q

The first breath takes place only after…

A

….birth

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3
Q

the process by which oxygen is taken in and
carbon dioxide is given out.
* The first breath takes place only after birth
This is cus fetal lungs are…

A

…non functional

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4
Q

During intrauterine life the exchange of gases
between fetal blood and mother’s blood
occurs through…

A

…placenta.

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5
Q

What are the two types of respiration?

A

external and internal respiration

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6
Q

What is external respiration?

A

involves exchange
of respiratory gases, i.e. oxygen and
carbon dioxide between lungs and blood

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7
Q

What is internal respiration?

A

involves exchange
of gases between blood and tissues

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8
Q

internal and external respiration take place at the same…

A

…time

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9
Q

where does external respiration take place?

A

between environment and lungs

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10
Q

where does internal radiatiin take place?

A

between blood and cell.

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11
Q

slide 9

A
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12
Q

why do we breathe?

A

1 Take in oxygen
2 remove carbon dioxide

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13
Q

other roles of the respiratory system?

A
  1. Allows speech
  2. Acid-base balance
  3. Water balance
  4. Maintain body temperature
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14
Q

Respiration occurs in two
phases which are …

A

… inspiration adne expiration

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15
Q

whats inspiration?

A

air
enters the lungs from
atmosphere

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16
Q

whats expiration?

A

air leaves the lungs

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17
Q

The respiratory system is an …

A

arrangement of spaces and passageways that conduct air into
the lungs.

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18
Q

the entire respiratory system is though of as a…

A

pathway for air between the atmosphere and
the blood

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19
Q

what is respiratory system divided into?

A

upper and lower respiratory system .

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20
Q

what makes up the upper respiratory system?

A

nose
nasal cavity
sinuses
pharynx

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21
Q

what makes up lower respiratory system?

A

larynx
trachea
bronchus
bronchioles
alveoli

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22
Q

how does air first enter the body?

A

Air makes its initial entrance into
the body through the openings in
the nose called the nostrils.

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23
Q

what is found inside the nostrils?

A

inside the nostrils, are the two
spaces known as the nasal
cavities.

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24
Q

nasal vestibule is lined with…

A

… hairs

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25
Q

function of hairs in the nose?

A

filter large particles from inhaled air.

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26
Q

what is nasal cavity divided into?

A

left and right chambers with folds.

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27
Q

what are conchae also known as?

A

turbinates.

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28
Q

function of nasal conchae?

A

increased surface area.

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29
Q

the lining of the nasal cavity is a …

A

… mucous membrane

30
Q

what does the nasal cavity contain?

A

…many blnlood vessels that bring heat and moisture to it.

31
Q

what do the cells of the nasal cavities membrane secrete?

A

a large amount of fluid.

32
Q

what do the nasal cavities filter?

A

Foreign bodies, such as dust
particles and pathogens,
* are filtered out by the hairs of the
nostrils or caught in the surface
mucus.

33
Q

how does nasal cavity moisten air?

A

moistened by the liquid secretion.

34
Q

what are sinuses ?

A

Air-filled spaces within the bones of
the skull that connect to the nasal
cavity

35
Q

what do sinuses produce?

A

mucus

36
Q

sinuses functions?

A

Produce mucus to clean the air
you breathe
Reduce the relative weight of the
skull
Act as resonating chambers to
modify sounds
Provide a cushion against impact

37
Q

What is the nasal cavity, sinuses, and conchae lined with?

A

all are lined with a mucous membrane.

38
Q

Describe the nasal epithelium?

A
  • highly vascularised
  • Has ciliated epithelium
  • Warm and humidify inhaled air
39
Q

where is nasal epithelium present?

A

Nasal cavity, sinuses & conchae

40
Q

what is the nasal epithelium?

A

Nasal cavity, sinuses & conchae are lined with a
mucous membrane

41
Q

nasal mucous is the noses…

A

… first line of defense

42
Q

what does mucous trap?

A

traps noxious substances (bacteria, viruses, pollen, dust.).

43
Q

what does the pharynx do?

A

The pharynx (throat) carries
air into the respiratory tract
* and foods and liquids into the
digestive system.

44
Q

slide 30

A
45
Q

Function of nasopharynx?

A

Receives air from the nasal cavity
and conduct air from to the lower
sections of the respiratory tract

46
Q

functon of oropharynx?

A

receives air from the nose and mouth (and food).

47
Q

function of laryngopharynx?

A

Continuous with the larynx and the
oesophagus
* Conducts air into the trachea.

48
Q

what closes over the larynx during swallowing?

A

During swallowing, the epiglottis closes over
the larynx to prevent food or liquids from
entering the lungs.

49
Q

the larynx has a framework of…

A

… cartilage that protrudes in
the front of the neck.

50
Q

the largest cartilage of the larynx is the …

A

… thyroid cartilage.

51
Q

males have a more prominent…

A

…thyroid cartilage (laryngeal prominence, adams apple).

52
Q

what are the vocal chords?

A

two v shaped bands of muscle.

53
Q

in vocal cords, air flow =

A

air flow = vibration

54
Q

vibration produces…

A

…sound

55
Q

slide 37

A
56
Q

when brreathing, the vocal cords…

A

…open, allowing air to move in and out.

57
Q

what is the larynx lined with…

A

…ciliated mucous membrane

58
Q

function of cilia?

A

trap dust and other
particles, moving them upward to the pharynx to be expelled by coughing, sneezing, or blowing the nose.

59
Q

mucous secreting cells in the body are referred to as?

A

goblet cells.

60
Q

function of ciliated cells?

A

sweep debris

61
Q

function of clara cells?

A

divide, differentiate, metabolize toxic chemicals.

62
Q

what is the trachea (windpipe)?

A

a tube that extends from
the lower edge of the
larynx to the bronchi

63
Q

trachea has a framework of…

A

…cartilages to keep it open

64
Q

The purpose of the
trachea is to…

A

…conduct air between the larynx and the lungs.

65
Q

what cells do trachea contain?

A

Numerous cilia cells & goblet cells

66
Q

trachea contains numerous cilia cells and goblet cells. What is the function of this?

A
  • produce mucus
  • mucus-cilia elevsator/escalator
  • pushes mucus up
67
Q

what does the trachea divide into?

A

divide into left and right primary bronchi.

68
Q

the trachea divides into…

A

…two bronchi which enter the lungs.

69
Q

the right bronchus is considerably larger in …

A

… diameter than the left and extends downward in a more vertical direction

70
Q

the trachea divides into the bronchi, which is further divided into the …

A

… bronchioles

71
Q
A

Systems Physiology (6 decks)

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