Respiratory P1 Flashcards
Potential Space Makeup
parietal pleura
visceral pleura
pleural cavity
Conducting zone makeup
trachea
primary bronchus
bronchial tree
terminal bronchioles
Path of air
Nose/Mouth
Pharynx
Glottis
Trachea
Primary bronchi
bronchial tree
respiratory bronchioles
alveolar sacs
alveoli
Makeup of respiratory zone
respiratory bronchioles
alveolar sacs
alveoli
Aspiration
when anything besides air goes down the trachea
Carina
inferior termination of trachea into R and L mainstem bronchi
at level of sternal angle
Which lung is more common to experience pneumonia?
Right
the bronchi on the right side are straighter and wider vs the left, allowing more to enter the lungs
Functions of conducting zone
- conducts air to respiratory zone
- warms and humidifies inspired air
- filters and cleans the inspired air
Mucociliary Escalator
-cilia on epithelial cells lines the conducting zones
-they beat in unilateral and coordinated way to move mucus toward pharynx
-leads germs to be either swallowed or expectorated
What is something that paralyzes cilia?
smoking
Functions of respiratory zone
Region of gas exchange between air and blood
Gas exchange occurs by diffusion from alveolus to capillary
Respiration steps
Ventilation
Gas Exchange
O2 utilization
Ventilation
-mechanical process of moving air in and out of lungs
-O2 is greater in air vs O2 in blood, so it follows a gradient, moving from air to blood
-CO2 in blood is greater than in lungs, goes from blood to lungs
Gas Exchange
-occurs entirely by diffusion through lung tissue
-diffusion is very rapid because of the large surface area and small diffusion distance
-occurs between air/blood/lungs/other tissues
Alveoli
very thin
have alveolar type 1 (structural), alveolar type 2 (secrete surfactant)
Lungs and and thoracic cavity
-during breathing, lungs remain in contact with chest wall
-vacuum keeps them together
-lungs expand and contract with thoracic cavity
Intrapulmonary pressure
pressure inside the alveoli
Intrapleural pressure
pressure inside intrapleural space
Intrapulmonary pressure and ventilation
Inspiration = less than atmospheric pressure (about 3 mmHg)
Expiration = greater than atmospheric pressure (about 3 mmHg)
Boyle’s gas
pressure of gas is inversely proportional to its volume
1. increase in lung volume decreases intrapulmonary pressure (air moves in).
2. decrease in lung volume raises intrapulmonary pressure above atmosphere (air moves out)
Transpulmonary Pressure
pressure difference across the wall of the lung
Intrapulmonary pressure - intrapleural pressure = transpulmonary pressure
in healthy adults, this pressure will be positive because pressure within alveoli is greater than pressure outside of alveoli
Atelectasis
partial or whole lung collapse
due to interference w/forces that promote lung expansion
treatment includes deep breathing, mobility
Pneumothorax
partial or whole lung collapse
due to collection of air or gas in intrapleural space, so pressure outside is greater than inside
chest tube is the treatment
Chest tube
tube placed between the ribs and into the intrapleural space to drain air/blood to allow the lungs to re-inflate