HW/Worksheets/Lab Flashcards

1
Q

Right upper lobe drainage

A

Sitting up, reclined slightly

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2
Q

Right middle lobe drainage

A

elevate foot 30cm/12in
laying on left side

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3
Q

Right lower lobe drainage

A

elevate foot 50cm/20in
laying on left side

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4
Q

Left upper lobe, superior drainage

A

sitting with shoulders rounded, bent slightly over

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5
Q

Left upper lobe, inferior drainage

A

elevate foot 30cm/12 in
laying on right side

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6
Q

Left lobe drainage

A

elevate foot 50 cm/20in
lay on right side

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7
Q

Physical Exam of Pulmonary Pt

A
  1. Pt history
  2. Physical exam
  3. Inspection (especially around fingers, lips, respiratory pattern)
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8
Q

Tracheal, Bronchial Sounds

A

loud, tubular sounds
between scapulae or on trachea

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9
Q

Vesicular Sounds

A

soft, rustling sounds that are heard over more distal airways and lung parenchyma

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10
Q

CTA

A

clear to auscultation

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11
Q

Abnormal Breath sounds

A

heard outside their usual location or if they are quantitatively different from normal breath sounds or absent

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12
Q

Bronchial abnormal

A

fluid or secretion consolidation

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13
Q

Decreased or diminshed sounds

A

hypoventilation, severe congestion, emphysema, obesity

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14
Q

Absent sounds

A

pneumothorax

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15
Q

Adventitious sounds

A

wheeze
rhonchi
stridor

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16
Q

Crackles

A

bubbling or popping sounds that represent the presence of fluid or secretions, or sudden opening of a closed airway

discontinuous sounds

17
Q

Wheeze

A

airway obstruction from bronchoconstriction or retained secretions
heard on expiration

18
Q

Rhonchi

A

low pitched or snoring sounds that are continuous
large airway obstruction

19
Q

Stridor

A

extremely high pitched wheeze that occurs with significant upper airway obstruction, present during both inspiration and expiration
medical emergency!

20
Q

Extrapulmonary

A

dysfunction outside of the lung tissue
pleural friction rub
loud grating sound
both inspiration and expiration

21
Q

Transmitted voice sounds

A

Whispered pectoriloquy (1, 2, 3)
bronchophony (99)
egophony (e to a)

22
Q

Sounds from mediate percussion

A

Resonant = normal
hyerresonant, tympanic, dull, flat

23
Q

Pulmonary Function Tests assess

A
  1. how much air volume can be moved in and out of lungs
  2. how fast the air in the lungs can be moved in and out
  3. how stiff are the lungs and chest wall
  4. diffusion characteristics of the membrane through which gas moves
  5. how the lungs respond to chest physical therapy
24
Q

PFTs are used for

A

Screening for presence of obstructive or restrictive disease
evaluating pt prior to surgery
eval the pts condition for weaning from ventilator
progression of disease
effectiveness of intervention

25
FVC
Forced Vital capacity volume of air which can be forcibly exhaled out of lungs
26
FEV1
forced expiratory volume in one second volume of air which can be forcibly exhaled from lungs in one second
27
FEV1/FVC
FEV1 percent, ratio of FEV1 to FVC only relevant if FEV1 and FVC are abnormal
28
PEFR
peak expiratory flow rate max flow rate achieved during the forced vital capacity maneuver beginning after full inspiration and starting/ending with max expiration shows if treatment is improving obstructive diseases
29
FEF
Forced expiratory flow measure of how much air can be expired from the lungs flow rate measurement
30
What does pursed lip breathing do?
releases air trapped in lungs allows new air to enter lungs slows breathing rate relieves shortness of breath causes relaxation
31
Diaphragmatic Breathing
helps you use diaphragm correctly strengthen the diaphragm decrease the work of breathing by slowing breathing rate decrease O2 demand use less effort and energy to breathe
32
Sleeping and PaO2
70 to 85 mmHg Assuming the individual is laying on their side, blood flow will follow the path of gravity. Side-lying causes the blood to flow mainly to the lung on the side the individual is lying on. There will be little blood flow to the opposite lung. In this position, one lung is doing most of the perfusion and ventilation, because of the increased blood flow. PaO2 levels drop because you are using essentially one lung in contrast to two when you are sitting upright.
33
During normal breathing, which position allows the diaphragm to have the greatest excursion?
Having an individual in supine allows for the diaphragm to expand as much as possible.
34
During normal breathing, which position allows the largest change in lung volume to occur?
When an individual is sitting, the largest change in lung volume occurs.
35
What are the four main categories of the physical therapy examination of the patient with an acute exacerbation of COPD
Observing breathing patterns Strength and endurance testing of respiratory muscles Auscultation of the lungs Walk test while observing pulse oximetry levels
36
How does noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) such as BiPAP during exercise training improve exercise duration and dyspnea?
NIPPV helps to push air into the lungs, or helps with the ventilation portion of breathing. This decreases the amount of work the respiratory muscles have to complete. Because the muscles aren’t working as hard, this decreases oxygen demand for the respiratory muscles, and helps them in turn to work more efficiently.